దేశం యొక్క గొప్పతనం

దేశం యొక్క గొప్పతనం

Directions (Q. No. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg or launched a seaworthy boat or calculated the length of the year or manure a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier.

And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently - this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done - is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.

That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets - while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life - nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.

But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outset. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours.

So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man's civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized people not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.

1.    According to the author much hype has been created for whom in the history books?
    1) Conquerors, generals and soldiers
    2) The people who really helped civilization forward
    3) Common man
    4) Kings and leaders
    5) Killers and destroyers
2.    People believe that the greatness of a country lies in ___
    1) solidarity and humanism it exhibits
    2) reducing poverty and unemployment
    3) helping other nations
    4) restructuring the strength of a nation
    5) winning the battle over other countries
3.    Being civilized is ___
    1) showing it by fighting
    2) winning more battles
    3) fighting to settle quarrels
    4) finding other ways rather than fighting
    5) making other people fight for you
4.    According to the theories of evolution man is ___
    1) just as old as any other
        creature
    2) just as new as no other
        creature
    3) an infant
    4) elder than all animals
    5) civilized than all
5.    How much time is left for the man to learn new things?
    1) Three to four years
    2) Three to four hours
    3) Very little time
    4) Eons    5) Century
Directions (Q. No. 6 - 8): Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
6.    EVOLUTION
    1) Fruition    2) Regression
    3) Frustration    4) Devastation
    5) Negation
7.    RECKON
    1) Suppose  2) Surmise  3) Submit
    4) Substitute    5) Surrender
8.    ESTIMATE
    1) Guess     2) Guide   3) Gaze    4) Gawk     5) Gape
Directions (Q. No. 9 - 10): Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
9.    DISPUTE
    1) Argument    2) Quarrel
    3) Wrangle    4) Agreement
    5) Squabble
10.    MUTILATE
    1) Mar    2) Ruin
    3) Deface    4) Vandalize
    5) Soothe

Directions (Q. No. 11-20): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/ phrase in each case and mark your answer.
To begin, go to an authorized Aadhar enrolment centre anywhere in India with your identity and address proof. Election photo - ID card, ration card, passport, driving license and water/ electricity/ telephone bills for the ____ (11) three months are accepted as proof of identity ____ (12) address. At the enrolment centre, fill ___ (13) your personal details in the form. Your photo, fingerprints and iris scan will also be taken as a part of the enrolment. You can review the ____ (14) you have provided and make corrections during the enrolment. You will be given an ____ (15) slip with a temporary enrolment number and other details entered. ____ (16) on the information provided, your details will be verified centrally. If your application is successful an Aadhaar number ___ (17) generated and mailed to your address. After enrolment, quality checks are done by the enrolment centre supervisors, followed by a correction process, where required, and data-packet consolidation is done. Subsequently, the data is sent ____ (18) the enrolment agency to the UIDAI data centre. The data undergoes various stages of screening and validations to authenticate its source and ensure that ____ (19) duplicate exists. Sample quality checks are done on the demographic and biometric data collected. The operator/ supervisor / introducer/ enrolment agency and registrar information in each packet is also validated. Finally, after passing these checks and validations, the packet goes for re-duplication and the Aadhar card ____ (20) generated.

11.    1) post    2) first    3) last
    4) present    5) previous
12.    1) and    2) in    3) with
    4) from    5) by
13.    1) down    2) for    3) by
    4) under    5) in
14.    1) detailed    2) detail    3) form
    4) details    5) dates
15.    1) acknowledgement
    2) knowledge
    3) receipt    4) counter    5) foil
16.    1) Proved    2) Solved    
    3) Based     4) Verified    
    5) Checked
17.    1) will    2) will be
    3) will been    4) will bought
    5) will by
18.    1) to    2) for    3) far
    4) too    5) by
19.    1) now    2) no       3) neither
    4) nor    5) know
20.    1) get     2) is got  
    3) was gotten
    4) gets   5) getting

Directions (Q. 21-25): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is 'No error', mark (5) as your answer.
21.    The contractor hoped to finish (1)/ the work last month (2)/ but in fact (3)/ he could not. (4) No error. (5)
22.    Neither the height (1)/ nor the width (2)/ of the boxes (3)/ were right. (4)/ No error. (5)
23.    We listened to only songs (1)/ on one side (2)/ of the cassette (3)/ you gave us. (4) / No error. (5)
24.    All the family members (1)/ were immensely happy (2)/ to hear the news of (3)/ Shyamala's passing in the final exam. (4)/ No error. (5)
25.    I am not (1)/ tired (2)/ with writing (3)/ letters to him. (4)/ No error. (5)

Key:
1) 1;    2) 5;    3) 4;    4) 3;    5) 4;
6) 1;    7) 2;    8) 1;    9) 4;    10) 5;
11) 3;    12) 1;    13) 5;    14) 4;    15) 1;
16) 3;    17) 2;    18) 5;    19) 2;    20) 4;
21) 1;    22) 4;    23) 1;    24) 4;    25) 3.