Directions (Q. No. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
 Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg or launched a seaworthy boat or calculated the length of the year or manure a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier.
 
 And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently - this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done - is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.
 
 That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets - while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life - nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.
 
 But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outset. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours.
 
 So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. Taking man's civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized people not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.
 
 1.    According to the author much hype has been created for whom in the history books?
     1) Conquerors, generals and soldiers
     2) The people who really helped civilization forward
     3) Common man
     4) Kings and leaders
     5) Killers and destroyers
 2.    People believe that the greatness of a country lies in ___
     1) solidarity and humanism it exhibits
     2) reducing poverty and unemployment
     3) helping other nations
     4) restructuring the strength of a nation
     5) winning the battle over other countries
 3.    Being civilized is ___
     1) showing it by fighting
     2) winning more battles
     3) fighting to settle quarrels
     4) finding other ways rather than fighting
     5) making other people fight for you
 4.    According to the theories of evolution man is ___
     1) just as old as any other
         creature
     2) just as new as no other
         creature
     3) an infant
     4) elder than all animals
     5) civilized than all
 5.    How much time is left for the man to learn new things?
     1) Three to four years
     2) Three to four hours
     3) Very little time
     4) Eons    5) Century
 Directions (Q. No. 6 - 8): Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 6.    EVOLUTION
     1) Fruition    2) Regression
     3) Frustration    4) Devastation
     5) Negation
 7.    RECKON
     1) Suppose  2) Surmise  3) Submit
     4) Substitute    5) Surrender
 8.    ESTIMATE
     1) Guess     2) Guide   3) Gaze    4) Gawk     5) Gape
 Directions (Q. No. 9 - 10): Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 9.    DISPUTE
     1) Argument    2) Quarrel
     3) Wrangle    4) Agreement
     5) Squabble
 10.    MUTILATE
     1) Mar    2) Ruin
     3) Deface    4) Vandalize
     5) Soothe
 
 Directions (Q. No. 11-20): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/ phrase in each case and mark your answer.
 To begin, go to an authorized Aadhar enrolment centre anywhere in India with your identity and address proof. Election photo - ID card, ration card, passport, driving license and water/ electricity/ telephone bills for the ____ (11) three months are accepted as proof of identity ____ (12) address. At the enrolment centre, fill ___ (13) your personal details in the form. Your photo, fingerprints and iris scan will also be taken as a part of the enrolment. You can review the ____ (14) you have provided and make corrections during the enrolment. You will be given an ____ (15) slip with a temporary enrolment number and other details entered. ____ (16) on the information provided, your details will be verified centrally. If your application is successful an Aadhaar number ___ (17) generated and mailed to your address. After enrolment, quality checks are done by the enrolment centre supervisors, followed by a correction process, where required, and data-packet consolidation is done. Subsequently, the data is sent ____ (18) the enrolment agency to the UIDAI data centre. The data undergoes various stages of screening and validations to authenticate its source and ensure that ____ (19) duplicate exists. Sample quality checks are done on the demographic and biometric data collected. The operator/ supervisor / introducer/ enrolment agency and registrar information in each packet is also validated. Finally, after passing these checks and validations, the packet goes for re-duplication and the Aadhar card ____ (20) generated.
 
 11.    1) post    2) first    3) last
     4) present    5) previous
 12.    1) and    2) in    3) with
     4) from    5) by
 13.    1) down    2) for    3) by
     4) under    5) in
 14.    1) detailed    2) detail    3) form
     4) details    5) dates
 15.    1) acknowledgement
     2) knowledge
     3) receipt    4) counter    5) foil
 16.    1) Proved    2) Solved    
     3) Based     4) Verified    
     5) Checked
 17.    1) will    2) will be
     3) will been    4) will bought
     5) will by
 18.    1) to    2) for    3) far
     4) too    5) by
 19.    1) now    2) no       3) neither
     4) nor    5) know
 20.    1) get     2) is got  
     3) was gotten
     4) gets   5) getting
 
 Directions (Q. 21-25): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is 'No error', mark (5) as your answer.
 21.    The contractor hoped to finish (1)/ the work last month (2)/ but in fact (3)/ he could not. (4) No error. (5)
 22.    Neither the height (1)/ nor the width (2)/ of the boxes (3)/ were right. (4)/ No error. (5)
 23.    We listened to only songs (1)/ on one side (2)/ of the cassette (3)/ you gave us. (4) / No error. (5)
 24.    All the family members (1)/ were immensely happy (2)/ to hear the news of (3)/ Shyamala's passing in the final exam. (4)/ No error. (5)
 25.    I am not (1)/ tired (2)/ with writing (3)/ letters to him. (4)/ No error. (5)
 
 Key:
 1) 1;    2) 5;    3) 4;    4) 3;    5) 4;
 6) 1;    7) 2;    8) 1;    9) 4;    10) 5;
 11) 3;    12) 1;    13) 5;    14) 4;    15) 1;
 16) 3;    17) 2;    18) 5;    19) 2;    20) 4;
 21) 1;    22) 4;    23) 1;    24) 4;    25) 3.


 Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
 Many factors influence whether you notice a pain at all and if you do, how much it hurts. Since the pain message is received and interpreted by the brain, competing messages may block it or other factors may enhance the intensity of the sensation. The pain threshold-the point at which a person reports-can be raised as much as 40% by hypnosis or by loud noise or other distractions.
 Fully a third or pains can be relieved by a placebo, or sugar pill, if the patient believes it to be an active pain-killing drug. Recent studies suggest that placebos work by trig-gering the release of the body's own morphine endorphins. That a pain can be dissipated by a placebo does not mean that it was feigned. A placebo is anything that seems to be a "real" medical treatment - but isn't. It could be a pill, a shot, or some other type of "fake" treatment. What all placebos have in common is that they do not contain an active sub-stance meant to affect health. Some-times a person can have a response to a placebo. The response can be positive or negative. For instance, the person's symptoms may improve. Or the person may have what appears to be a side effect from the treatment.
 
 These responses are known as the "placebo effect." Research on the placebo effect has focused on the relationship of mind and body. One of the most common theories is that the placebo effect is due to a person's expectations. If a person expects a pill to do something, then it's possible that the body's own chemistry can cause effects similar to what a medication might have caused.
 
 For instance, in one study, people were given a placebo and told it was a stimulant. After taking the pill, their pulse rate sped up, their blood pressure increased and their reaction speeds improved. When people were given the same pill and told it was to help them get to sleep, they experienced the opposite effects.
 Experts also say that there is a relationship between how strongly a person expects to have results and whether or not results occur. The stronger the feeling, the more likely it is that a person will experience positive effects. There may be a profound effect due to the interaction between a patient and health care provider.
 
 1.    A pain may be felt lightly or intensely by a person according to
     1) his brain capacity         
     2) how much it hurts
     3) the intensity of other messages to the brain
     4) the nature of the person and his attitude to pain
     5) the nature of taking medicines
 2.    Loud noise is resorted to in red-ucing pain on the principle that
     1) it can shock a person out of consciousness
     2) it neutralizes the cause of the pain
     3) the intensity of the pain sensation can be enhanced
     4) the brain can be distracted from noticing the pain message.
     5) It enhances the cause of pain    
 3.    According to the passage
     1) A placebo helps a doctor to detect whether a patient really has pain
     2) Placebos help in relieving pain
     3) Placebos immunize the body against pain
     4) Doctors prescribe placebos in order to deceive their patients
     5) None of these
 4.    Research on the placebo effect has focused on the study of
     1) Pills that are given to patients
     2) What doctors suggest the patients
     3) The effect of this on mind and body
     4) How the patient studies the case
     5) Whether doctors can learn anything from this
 5.    What will have an intense effect on the patients?
     1) The use of a drug
     2) The use of pills or medicines which are related to the disease
     3) Following their own will
     4) Having an interaction with the health care provider
     5) Feeling that it is not good
 Directions (Q. 06-08): Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 6.    Threshold
     1) Verge   2) Wedge  3) Wage
     4) Gaze   5) Gauge
 7.     Distractions
     1) Dimensions       2) Deputation
     3) Diversions       4) Demands
     5) Orders
 8.    Dissipated
     1) Upright    2) Degenerate
     3) Dissociate    4) Compact
     5) Assemble
 Directions (Q. 9-10): Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 9.    Expectations
     1) Follow    2) Promise
     3) Profound    4) Despair
     5) Lighten
 10.    Profound
     1) Deep    2) Negative
     3) Positive     4) Reflective
     5) Superficial
 Directions: (Q. 11-15): Re-arrange the following six sentences in proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph than answer the questions given below them which are labeled as A, B, C, D, E and F to produce the correct sentence.
     A. Once after a philosopher had given a lecture, a woman approached him.
     B. The feeling that the world had to be on solid ground persisted to modern times.
     C. Some early maps showed the earth to be resting on the backs of giant elephants.
     D. The earth, she told him, rested on the back of a giant turtle.
     E. The woman shouted, "It's no use! It's turtles all the way down!"
     F. The philosopher asked her what the turtle stood on and she said, "a bigger turtle". The philosopher asked her the next logical question.
 11.    What is the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
     1) C     2) B    3) D   4) E   5) F
 12.    What is the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
     1) A    2) B   3) D   4) E   5) F
 13.    What is the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?
     1) A   2) C    3) D   4) E   5) F
 14.    What is the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
     1) B   2) C   3) D   4) E   5) F
 15.    What is the LAST sentence after rearrangement?
     1) A   2) B   3) D   4) E   5) F
 Directions  (Q. 16 to 20): Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.
 16.    Raghu has not and can never be in the good books of his emp-loyer because he lacks sincerity.
     1) has not and cannot be     2) has not and can never been
     3) has not been and can never be 4) has not been can never been
     5) No improvement
 17.    The logic of the Berlin Wall already had been undermined, but when the news came through that the wall itself had been opened I jumped into a car.
     1) had been undermined already
     2) had been already been undetermined
     3) had been already undermined
     4) had already been undetermined
     5) No improvement
 18.    Other countries have wiped out this practice ten years ago.
     1) wiped out    2) wipes out
     3) did wipe    4) has wiped
     5) No improvement
 19.    While we would like that all Indian children to go to school, we need to think why they do not.
     1) that all the Indian children    2) if all the children of India
     3) all Indian children        4) Indian all children
     5) No improvement
 20. If stood alone in defence of truth, and the whole world is banded against me and against truth, I would fight them all.
     1) will be banded
     2) were banded    3) banded
     4) will band  5) No improvement
 Directions (Q. 21-25): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is 'No error', mark (5) as your answer.
 21.    The wards of the hostel are (1)/ allowed to do (2)/ anything except to go out (3)/ on their own at night. (4)/ No error (5)
 22.    The best way to explore Egypt (1)/  is to take a trip down Nile, (2)/ the river that runs like a thread (3)/ throughout Egyptian history. (4)/ No error (5)
 23.    The hawkers have been carrying (1)/ out their business on the main (2)/ pavement since three years (3)/ but no one has ever objected. (4)/ No error (5)
 24.    Hardly I have finished (1)/ writing when my brother (2)/ snatched the fountain (3)/ pen from my hand. (4)/ No error (5)
 25.    India, which makes up (1)/ sixteen percent of the global population, (2)/ carries twenty percent (3)/ of their disease burden. (4)/ No error (5)


 Directions (Q. 1-10):
 In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/phrase in each case and mark your answer.
 Though most of us know him _____ (1) for his inventions, Thomas Alva Edison was first and _____  (2) a telegraph operator. Born humbly in Ohio, U.S.in 1847, he was the seventh _____ (3) last child of Samuel Ogden Edison. At the _____ (4) age of nineteen he moved to Kentucky, where he worked in night shifts. He was _____ (5) with a lead-acid battery when he spilled Sulfuric acid onto the floor it ran between the floorboards and onto his boss's desk below. The next morning Edison was ____ (6). He was ___ (7) about reading and experimenting. One of his mentors during those early years was a fellow telegrapher and inventor named Franklin Leonard Pope, who allowed the ____(8) youth to live and work in the basement of his home. The invention that first gained him notice was the phonograph in 1877. This ___ (9) was so unexpected by the public at large as to appear almost ___ (10).
 1.    (1) except (2) best (3) hardly
     (4) greatly (5) sometimes
 2.    (1) previous (2) only (3) foremost (4) above (5) lastly
 3.    (1) between (2) before (3) with (4) and (5) of
 4.    (1) elder (2) early (3) delicate
     (4) old (5) tough
 5.    (1) set (2) establish (3) working (4) shared (5) purchase
 6.    (1) fired (2) send (3) showed
     (4) followed (5) take
 7.    (1) fame (2) character (3) passionate (4) defeat (5) poor
 8.    (1) poverty (2) worry (3) problem (4) conflict (5) impoverished
 9.    (1) accomplishment (2) well
     (3) fine (4) leading (5) excellent
 10.    (1) partly (2) wisely (3) rarely
     (4) magical (5) almost
 Directions (Q. 11-20):
 Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
 The joy of discovery is a very real incentive to research, despite the rareness of its realization. It is on error to suppose that the scientist is unemotional, or could succeed if he were. The error has arisen through a misconception. The absolute necessity that a scientist's findings shall not be changed from objective truth in response to emotional urges of any kind does not result in his becoming a particularly unemotional person: whether a discoverer or anyone else is pleased with a discovery has no effect on its validity. 'I have been working like a madman at Drosera' wrote Darwin to Sir J.D. Hooker in reference to his study of insectivorous plants and a few days later, to the geologist, Lyell 'at the present moment I care more about Drosera that the origin of all the species in the world---- I am frightened and astounded at my results'. Kropotkin once wrote, 'There are not many joys in human life equal to the joy of the sudden birth of a generalization ---He who has once in this life experienced this joy of scientific creation will never forget it.'
 11.    The author of the passage counters the misconception that a scientist is unemotional by pointing out that
     1)    the objectivity of a scientist cannot make emotional compromises
     2)    even such a great scientist as Darwin cared so much for Drosera
     3)    he has capacity to react to emotional appeals made by others
     4)    he considers scientific discovery equal to the joy of creation
     5)    he has no capacity to react to emotional appeals made by others
 12.    In this passage the author tells us that scientific research leads one to
     1) rare discoveries
     2) success, sometimes
     3) sure success
     4) finding the objective truth
     5) funding rarity
 13.    Darwin's letter to Lyell reveals to us that he
     1)    attached greater importance to his discovery of insectivorous pants than to his discovery of the origin of the species
     2)    used to get deeply involved in whatever research, big or small, he had on hand at a given point of time
     3)    was rather uncertain about his success in his research on insectivorous plants
     4)    was worried that insectivorous plants would destroy all species of insects
     5)    was sure of success
 14.    The findings of scientific researchers
     1)    are universally welcome
     2)    result in robbing the researcher of all emotions
     3)    are objective in nature
     4)    have universal validity
     5)    no relation to present
 15.    Kropotkin says about the unforgettable experience
     1) joy of scientific creation
     2) remember the experience
     3) sorrows of human life
     4) generalized observations
     5) astounding facts
 Directions (Q. 16-18):
 Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 16.    ASTOUNDED
     1) amazed    2) scared
     3) rescued    4) worked
     5) furnished
 17.    JOY
     1) ecstasy    2) wander
     3) murmur    4) jump    5) leap
 18.    INCENTIVE
     1) enticement    2) enjoyment
     3) overwhelm    4) spurious
     5) engulf
 Directions (Q. 19-20):
 Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 19.    OBJECTIVE
     1) purpose    2) subjective
     3) change    4) bonus
     5) increment
 20.    FRIGHTENED
     1) ghastly    2) beastly
     3) horrified    4) courageous
     5) happy
 Directions (Q. 21-25):
 Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words from the five options for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
 21.    Scientists fear that many birds ----- heading towards a unisex existence that would ----- to extinction.
     1) is… make    2) are.. making
     3) is… moving    4) are…lead
     5) were…leading
 22.    Using ------ from government survey, he found ------ support for his line of reasoning.
     1) data… strong    2) date…much
     3) doubt…many
     4) dates…very    5) date…meek
 23.    Science consists of ------, Art consists of ------.
     1) naming…pleading
     2) knowing…doing
     3) doing... pleasing
     4) creation…erosion
     5) evolution…inspection
 24.    Technology is important but what is of great ---------- is the capturing of tacit knowledge.
     1) important    2) import
     3) improvement    4) importance
     5) importantly
 25.    The ------ of the hour is to evolve measures to tackle the issue.
     1) time    2) moment    3) need    
     4) pride    5) speed
 Directions (Q. 26-30):
 Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is 'No error', mark (5) as your answer.
 26.    There is a misconception (1)/that freedom means(2)/to be doing (3)/your own thing.(4)/No error (5)
 27.    Shakespeare was (1)/ better than any poet(2)/of his days (3)/ acc-ording to critics. (4)/ No error (5)
 28.    I ordered for a cup of tea (1)/ but the bearer (2)/brought it only (3)/ at the end of the tea-session. (4)/ No error (5)
 29.    Lack of honesty(1)/ is sometimes labeled as(2)/tact public relations (3)/or politics. (4)/ No error (5)
 30.    in the aftermath of the September 11th (1)/ the American president's speech was (2)/ broadcasted and televised (3)/ all over the world. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 Directions (Q. 31-35):
 Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.
 31.    The minister hit out at his critics and categorically denied his involvement in the scam.
     1) hit up    2) hit back
     3) hit upon    4) hit around
     5) no correction
 32.    He can strike out a friendship even with complete strangers.
     1) strike up    2) strike at
     3) strike on    4) strike back
     5) no correction
 33.    I prefer listening to soft music to help me wind over after a stressful day.
     1) wind up    2) wind down
     3) wind off    4) wind of
     5) no correction
 34.    The scheme has fallen out due to paucity of funds.
     1) fallen through    2) fallen over
     3) fallen apart        4) fallen back
     5) no correction
 35.    Over the years several extremists laid up their arms and joined the mainstream.
     1) laid out    2) laid upon
     3) laid by    4) laid down
     5) no correction
 
 Key
 1) 2;    2) 3;    3) 4;    4) 3;    5) 3;
 6) 1;    7) 3;    8) 5;    9) 1;    10) 4;
 11) 1;    12) 4;    13) 1;    14) 3;    15) 1;
 16) 1;    17) 1;    18) 1;    19) 2;    20) 4;
 21) 4;    22) 1;    23) 2;    24) 4;    25) 3;
 26) 3;    27) 2;    28) 1;    29) 2;    30) 3;
 31) 2;    32) 1;    33) 2;    34) 1;    35) 4.


 
 Model Questions
 Directions (Q.No. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
 India has made considerable strides of development in the recent times. But it is dogged by deep poverty, literacy, ill-health, malnutrition and corruption. Bright, idealistic and confident youngsters are becoming hopeless, diffident, self-seeking and unhappy by the time they reach forty years of age. The Indian political system and environment must be blamed for this situation. This is not how India can be built into a great nation. More than 200 million Indians do not have safe drinking water. About 750 million Indians do not have sanitation facilities. Our politicians keep the people poor, illiterate, and helpless. In the Human Development Index, India is ranked low, but we rank high in corruption. Indian's record in primary and higher education is pitiful. The worst thing is that our environment is making like this hence this way a great nation cannot be built.
 In order to achieve positive tran-sformation and make India a better and happy place, a few inputs are necessary. First of all, the people must identify themselves as Indians and rise above their narrow attachments to their states, religions and castes. These are narrow domestic walls. Only merit must be taken into consideration. Whatever the role people get, they must play it with enthusiasm. The people must inculcate strict discipline. Then only they will get success. They must get rid of their biases. They must realize that the interests of the nation are foremost. They must lead others by personal example. N.R. Narayana Murthy prays to God to give the people the required strength, determination and character to transform India into a successful nation. He was discussing exciting new developments in the field of computer science with a large group of students and how such developments would alter our future. He was articulate, passionate and quite convincing.
 1.    The problems which are yet to be addressed are ____
     1)    literacy, ill-health, malnutrition and corruption
     2)    poverty, literacy, ill-health, malnutrition and corruption
     3)    literacy and malnutrition
     4)    literacy and ill-health
     5)    literacy, ill-health, malnutrition and identity
 2.    Dr.N.R.Narayana Murthy makes the blame for the pathetic situation in which India is present on ____
     1)    literacy, ill-health and malnutrition
     2)    people and places
     3)    people and leaders
     4)    political system and environment
     5)    religion and caste
 3.    In India on what aspects are we ranked low and high?
     1)    The Human Development Index, corruption
     2)    Corruption, poverty
     3)    Poverty, illiteracy
     4)    Education, nutrition
     5)    In the Human Development Index
 4.    The positive thing of concern to bring a change is ___
     1) Merit    2) Caste
     3) Religion    4) Region
     5) Nation
 5.    One can succeed through ____.
     1) Merit      2) Strict discipline
     3) Money    4) Influence
     5) Politics
 
 Directions (Q.No. 6-8): Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 6.    ARTICULATE
     1) Eloquent    2) Passion
     3) Fervor    4) Success
     5) Smart
 7.    DOGGED
     1) Resolute    2) Rest
     3) Yield        4) Waver
     5) Fluctuate
 8.    PITIFUL
     1) Admirable    2) Appreciable
     3) Applaudable    4) Pathetic
     5) Strong
 Directions (Q. No. 9 & 10): Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 9.    POSITIVE
     1) Vibrant    2) Colourful
     3) Pessimistic    4) Plentiful
     5) Placate
 10.    NARROW
     1) Constricted    2) Tapered
     3) Conical    4) Expensive
     5) Expansive
 
 Directions (Q.No. 11-15): Each question below has blank/ blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the word/ set of words from the five options for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
 11.    He visited the place where Mrs. Gandhi was _____.
     1) kill        2) assassinated
     3) tortured    4) addressed
     5) destroyed
 12.    The police officer went in ____ clothes so that no one might ____ him.
     1) plane; realize
     2) plain; release
     3) plane; remind
     4) plain; recognize
     5) plan; restore
 13.    He is very rich, ____ he is unhappy.
     1) but    2) also    3) yet
     4) though    5) although
 14.    On account of _____, the company suffered a great loss.
     1) mismanagement
     2) conduct    3) behaviour
     4) style        5) manner
 15.    The minister _____ the school by ____ the lamp.
     1) started; listening
     2) progress; lightening
     3) inaugurated; lighting
     4) begin; starting
     5) commence; beginning
 
 Directions (Q.No. 16-25): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake / error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is 'No error', mark (5) as your answer.
 16.    Before he started out (1) / he had collected all the (2) / information about the country (3)/ he was going to visit. (4) / No error (5)
 17.    The child picked up (1)/ a burned paper (2)/ from the (3)/ debris left behind by the inferno. (4)/ No error (5)
 18.    When she (1)/is finishes her studies (2)/ she wants (3)/ to become a reporter.(4)/No error (5)
 19.    My sister-in-law (1)/ along with her daughter (2)/ were present (3) / at the function. (4) / No error (5)
 20.    After you will return (1) / from Cochin (2) / I will come (3) / and see you. (4) / No error (5)
 21.    Excellent cannot be (1)/ achieved through luck (2) / it is the result of (3) / a lot of hard work and practice. (4) / No error (5)
 22.    I went to the Principal (1)/ because I wanted (2) / to know as to why (3) / I was detained. (4) / No error (5)
 23.    Hardly had (1) / I left the school (2) / than it began (3) / to rain. (4) / No error (5)
 24.    Do you object to me (1) / sitting in this room (2) / and reading a book (3) / for a short while? (4) / No error (5)
 25.    I have been living here (1) / since four years (2) / but no one has (3) / noticed my presence so far. (4) / No error (5)
 
 Directions (Q. 26 - 30): Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.
 26.    Harish is strongly desiring to buy a car, so that he can travel fast and reach the office in time.
     1) strongly desires
     2) is desiring strongly
     3) desired strongly
     4) was strongly desiring
     5) No correction required
 27.    Gita informed me that she will visit my house in a day or two.
     1) she would visit my house in a day or two.
     2) she visits my house in a day or two.
     3) she could visit my house in the coming two days.
     4) she couldn't visit my house in a day or two.
     5) No correction required
 28.    The man spent a lot because he had so large amount of money.
     1) he had a large lot of money.
     2) he had a large number of money.
     3) he had a large amount of rupees.
     4) he had a large amount of money.
     5) No correction required
 29.    He believed that one of his companions is a cheat.
     1) that each of his companions was a cheat.
     2) that each one of his companions a cheat.
     3) that one of his companions are a cheat.
     4) that one of his companions was a cheat.
     5) No correction required
 30.    A writer always is having his own vision of life.
     1) always is having
     2) every time is having
     3) always has
     4) every time will have
     5) No correction required


 Model Questions
 
 Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
 
 Plagiarism is using the words or ideas of someone else as if they were your own. Universities consider plagiarism to be a serious offence and you need to take great care to avoid it. The Student Development website has a range of interactive on-line tutorials on how to avoid plagiarism. Unfortunately, it is relatively easy to find yourself in danger of plagiarizing another's work, even though you have no intention of doing so.
 
 In India the advancements to check plagiarism are facing teething troubles. As technology has improved tremendously it has become very easy to get information pertaining to any subject with the click of the mouse. Internet and World Wide Web has changed the pace of the world. At the same time many people are using data from these sources without acknowledging them resorting to plagiarism. Technological advancements in this field has made it possible to develop software to check plagiarism. By using this software the research papers, dissertations and thesis are checked and approved only if they pass through this check.  The quality of any research article can thus be analyzed by using a plagiarism check.
 
 1.    According to the writer, Plagiarism check in India
     1) still needs to develop
     2) is very strict and firm
     3) is affected by red tape
     4) is more or less effective
     5) is effective only sometimes
 2.    Technological advancements are made easy to be known because of
     1) internet & intranet
     2) LAN & RAM
     3) internet & WWW
     4) encyclopedia
     5) large information
 3.    The central idea of passage could be best expressed by the following
     1) It is easy to copy information
     2) It is easy to keep information
     3) It is easy to check plagiarism
     4) It is tough for copying
     5) It is acceptable copying data from other sources
 4.    The quality of any research article can be analyzed by
     1) experts    2) novice
     3) software    4) apprentice
     5) greenhorn
 5.    The information on how to avoid plagiarism is available on
     1) student development website
     2) interactive tutorials
     2) off line course
     3) staff   4) teachers   5) thesis
 
 Directions (Q. 6-8): Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 6.    Offence
     1) breach    2) behavior
     3) perfection    4) aptness
     5) precision
 7.    Avoid
     1) evade    2) evoke
     3) excite    4) excuse
     5) exit
 8.    Intention
     1) trust    2) target
     3) tip        4) test
     5) draft
 
 Directions (Q. 9-10): Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
 9.    Possible
     1) probable    2) potential
     3) feasible    4) unlikely
     5) fanciful
 10.    Approved
     1) permit    2) standard
     3) official    4) pertain
     5) censure
 
 Directions (Q. 11-20): Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words from the five options for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
 11.    In India social responsibility is ______ ancient ______ venerable tradition.
     1) a, an    2) an, a
     3) an, and    4) the, an
     5) a, but
 12.    I enjoyed ______ as I walked along the lane.
     1) much    2) very
     3) myself    4) being
     5) very
 13.    This is a good example to go by -______ solving the problems.
     1) and    2) amidst
     3) while    4) your
     5) prize
 14.    You need to ______ your statement with correct data.
     1) back up    2) break up
     3) broke out    4) break in
     5) bear with
 15.    When he tried to play ______  her emotions, she turned out very ______.
     1) active, vigorous
     2) timid, vibrant
     3) lazy, vociferous
     4) with, violent       5) at, velocity
 16.    The professor as well as the lecturer ______ to conduct the examination next week.  
     1) has accepted
     2) have accepted
     3) having accepted
     4) has been accepting
     5) will accept
 17.    She is good ______ at games
 ______ at studies.  
     1) either, or    2) neither, nor
     3) both, but    4) but, and
     5) not only, and
 18.    He wanted to read the directions ______.  
     1) right    2) wrongly
     3) carefully    4) startlingly
     5) mostly
 19.    We are still at the ______  of how IT and computing really ______ the world.  
     1) going, dropped
     2) encouraged, prepared
     3) beginning, impact
     4) cross, vow
     5) post, made
 20.    Modern games use cheap hardware and ______ to create three-dimensional worlds.
     1) software     2) soft wire
     3) soft wear    4) softwares
     5) warehouse
 
 Directions (Q. 21-25): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is 'No error', mark (5) as your answer.
 21.    Don't exert (1)/ yourself lest (2)/ you will (3)/ fall sick. (4)/ No error (5)
 22.    Educational institutions need to (1)/ recognize the importance of nurturing creativity, (2)/ both in its own right (3)/ as well as a path to formal, structured learning. (4)/ No error (5)
 23.    The assurance that (1)/ he will cured (2)/ from the disease (3)/ pleased him very much. (4)/ No error (5)
 24.    Her ability to (1)/ talk to strangers (2)/ is one of her (3)/ stronger points. (4)/ No error (5)
 25.    After you will return (1)/ from America (2)/ I will come (3)/ and see you. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 Directions: (Q. 26 - 30): Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and no correction is required, mark (5) as the answer.
 26.    I do not know whether tomorrow is a holiday for the college.  
     1) is a holiday for college
     2) will be a holiday for the college
     3) will be a holiday to the college
     4) will be a holiday of the college
     5) No correction required
 27.    Scarcely did I step on the bridge then it broke.  
     1) then it was breaking
     2) than it broke
     3) when it broke
     4) when it has broken
     5) No correction required
 28.    Neither the Principal nor the members of the committee had attended the meeting.  
     1) have attended the meeting
     2) has attended the meeting
     3) is attending the meeting
     4) will have attended the meeting
     5) No correction required
 29.    He looked as though he hasn't had a decent meal for a week.  
     1) hadn't had     2) didn't have
     3) wouldn't have
     4) shouldn't have
     5) No correction required
 30.    The master tested the new boy to see if he can read English.  
     1) if he would     2) if he will
     3) if he could    4) whether he will
     5) No correction required
 
 Directions (Q. 31-40):
 In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/ phrase in each case and mark your answer.
 There are vast amounts of water on earth. Unfortunately, over 97% of it is ____ (31) salty for human ____ (32) and only a fraction of the remainder is____ (33) accessible in rivers, lakes or groundwater. Climate change, droughts, ____ (34) population and increasing industrial demand ____ (35) straining the available supplies of fresh water. More than 1 billion people live in areas where water is ____ (36), according to the United Nations, and that number could increase to 1.8 billion by 2025. One time-tested ____  (37) expensive way to produce drinking water is desalination. The world's oceans, in particular, present a ____ (38) limitless and drought-proof supply of water. The good news is (39) advances in technology and manufacturing have ____ (40) the cost and energy requirements of desalination.
 31.    1) any      2) much     3) some
     4) few     5) too
 32.    1) consumption    2) consume
     3) constitute    4) constitution
     5) conspire
 33.    1) emphatically    2) positive
     3) easily     4) forcibly
     5) definite
 34.    1) result    2) growing
     3) causing    4) until
     5) making
 35.    1) any      2) were      3) had
     4) are       5) no
 36.     1) scarce    2) positive
     3) present    4) plenty
     5) definite
 37.     1) found   2) but        3) with
     4) while   5) and
 38.     1) variety    2) while
     3) causing    4) virtually
     5) making
 39.     1) than    2) when
     3) while    4) that
     5) stuff
 40.     1) reduced    2) reduction
     3) ready    4) radiation
     5) radiate
 
 Key
 
 1) 1;    2) 3;    3) 1;    4) 3;
 5) 1;    6) 1;    7) 1;    8) 2;
 9) 4;    10) 5;    11) 3;    12) 3;
 13) 3;    14) 1;    15) 4;    16) 1;
 17) 2;    18) 3;    19) 3;    20) 1;
 21) 3;    22) 4;    23) 2;    24) 4;
 25) 1;    26) 2;    27) 3;    28) 1;
 29) 1;    30) 3;    31) 5;    32) 1;
 33) 3;    34) 2;    35) 4;    36) 1;
 37) 2;    38) 4;    39) 4;    40) 1.


 Directions (Q 1-10): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (5) as your answer. (Ignore punctuation errors if any.)
 
 1.    The view from (1)/ this apartment is (2)/ not nearly as spectacular as (3)/ the one from that mountain lodge.(4)/ No error (5)
 
 2.    Shakespeare's plays are different (1)/ from any other playwrights (2)/ of his era because they exhibit (3)/ an exceptional mastery of verse. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 3.    Neither an interest (1)/ in history nor (2)/ to be adept in a foreign language (3)/ is going to help you learn to sing. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 4.    I have never tried (1)/ to raise chickens. (2)/ Once I try (3)/ to raise hogs. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 5.    Ali shouted (1)/ in my ear. (2)/ I turned and (3)/ shouts right back. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 6.    I left home to (1)/ Sunday morning (2)/ to catch a flight (3)/ to Mumbai. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 7.    I tried (1)/ to interrupt (2)/ their conversation (3)/ but was told of. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 8.    At ten o'clock in the morning (1)/ I went to the beach (2)/ to catch fish (3)/ from my net. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 9.    I watch (1)/ Comedy Nights with Kapil (2)/ show last night, (3)/ then I watched C.I.D. program. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 10.    The effects of illiteracy (1)/ often negatively impact (2)/ a nation ability (3)/ to develop its human resources. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 Directions (Q. 11-20): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/ phrase in each case and mark your answer.
 
 Twitter ___ (11) become synonymous with communication today. Since 2006, this ___ (12) platform has grown from 100 obsessive ___ (13) to more than 100 million today - over 10 million of those in the U.K. alone. But how did such ___(14) radical transformation happen in just five years and what does it mean for business, politics and the Internet?  Roof-top meetings and friendly colleagues ___ (15) to make Twitter's employees the ___ (16) in the country, according to a report. The micro blogging company received the highest rating from ___ (17) own workers in terms of corporate culture -___ (18) values. With access to some of the major players in this unique drama, columnist Nick Bilton chronicles the key figures ___ (19) helped build the company and ultimately struggled ___ (20) manage the influence and power they had been handed.
 
 11.    1) had 2) has 3) have  4) is 5) was
 
 12.    1) social    2) science  3) internet
     4) wide    5)  range
 
 13.    1) use    2) user         3) uses
     4) users    5) using
 
 14.    1) an  2) the  3) a  4) for  5) and
 
 15.    1) help   2) helped   3) helping
          4) helps    5) will help
 
 16.    1) happy 2) happiness 3) happier
          4) happiest    5) more happy
 
 17.    1) it is  2) it's  3) it  4) its  5) it was
 
 18.    1) with    2) for    3) and
          4) by    5) along
 
 19.    1) who's    2) whose    3) who is
     4) who was     5) who
 
 20.    1) in  2) for  3) with  4) to  5) too
 
 Directions (Q. 21-24): Each question below has a blank/ blanks indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the word from the five options for each blank/ blanks that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
 
 21.    Three days was simply not an ___ amount of time to complete ___ a lot of work.
     1) Accept, much 2) Accepts, more
     3) Accepting, many
     4) Acceptable, such 5) Accepted, few
 
 22.    You don't need to be a ___ to see what the problem here is.
     1) Smart    2) clever    3) Genius
     4) Intelligent    5) Extraordinary
 
 23.    Make sure you read all the ___ carefully before starting your exam.
     1) Institutions    2) Instructions
     3) Investigations 4) Informations
     5) Informally
 
 24.    Western countries have special schools for students with ___  disorders.
     1) Mental    2) Menial    3) Manual
     4) Manner     5) Mandate
 
 Directions (Q 25-33): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/ phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
 
 Character is destiny. Character is that on which the destiny of a nation is built. One cannot have a great nation with men of small character. We must have young men and women who look upon others as the living image of themselves as our Shastras have so often declared. But whether in public life or student life, we cannot reach great heights, if we are lacking in character. We cannot climb the mountain when the ground at our feet is crumbling. When the very basis of our structure is shaky how can we reach the heights we have set before ourselves? We must all have humility.
 Here is a country which we are all interested in building up for whatever service we take up, we should not care for what we receive. We should know how much we can put into that service. That should be the principle which should animate our young men and women. Ours is a great country, we have had for centuries a great history. World nations look up at us with awe as we had many great leaders who brought recognition to our nation with their character. Even after repeated invasions by various intruders we could stand high and firm as we are a nation built on character. The whole of the East reflects our culture.
 
 25.    The fate of a nation is built on
     1) People 2) Leaders 3) Politicians
     4) Character    5) Intruders
 
 26.    We can reach great heights
     1) If our character is built on a strong foundation of sterling qualities
     2) If our character is built on a weak foundation of mean qualities
     3) If our character is not built on a strong foundation of great heights
     4) If our character is being built on a strength foundation of sterling qualities
     5) If our character is built on a strong foundation of shaky qualities
 
 27.    As per our scriptures who play a vital role in moulding the destiny of our nation?
     1) Learned men 2) Learned women
     3) Literate people
     4) Young men and women
     5) Weaklings
 
 28.    The gist of the passage is about
     1) The significance of men and women
     2) The role played by youth
     3) The invasions that are repeated
     4) The importance of character formation in moulding the destiny of our nation
     5) The importance of great leaders
 
 Directions (Q 29-31): Select the word that is most similar in meaning to given word.
 29.    DESTINY
     1) Vacation    2) Avocation
     3) Vaccination 4) Fortune 5) Hobby
 
 30.    CRUMBLING
     1) Construct    2) Arrange
     3) Collapse 4) Entangle  5) Mess
 
 31.    HUMILITY
     1) Modesty    2) Arrogance
     3) Tepidness    4) Timid
     5) Pompous
 
 Directions: (Q 32-33): Select the word that is most opposite in meaning.
 32.    CARE
     1) Concern    2) Worry
     3) Trouble    4) Pain    5) Neglect
 
 33.    ANIMATE
     1) Encourage 2) Enthuse 3) Promote
     4) Dishearten    5) Support


 Model Questions
 
 Directions (Q.1-5): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word/ phrase in each case and mark your answer.
 
 One of the major causes of illiteracy is ------- (1) and the subsequent lack of --------- (2) to reading and writing materials. Realistically, students who would have --------- (3) on to continue their education past the 5th year sometimes --------- (4) school in order to work on the farm or in a factory in order to -------- (5) with the family income.
 
 1.    1) poor     2) purity
     3) poverty    4) possible
     5) confront
 
 2.    1) excess    2) exceed
     3) exclude    4) acces
     5) actual
 
 3.    1) goes    2) want
     3) went    4) going
     5) gone
 
 4.    1) quit    2) fit
     3) bet     4) boast
     5) beat
 
 5.    1) assist    2) assistant
     3) assists    4) assert
     5) tell
 
 Directions (Q.6-15): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/ phrases are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
 Many artists lived in the Greenwich Village area of New York. Two young women named Sue and Johnsy shared a studio apart-ment at the top of a three-story building. Johnsy's real name was Joanna. In November, a cold, unseen stranger came to visit the city. This disease, pneumonia, killed many people. Johnsy lay on her bed, hardly moving. She looked through the small window. She could see the side of the brick house next to her building.
 
 One morning, a doctor examined Johnsy and took her temperature. Then he spoke with Sue in another room. "She has one chance in - let us say ten," he said. After the doctor had gone, Sue went into the workroom and cried. Then she went to Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime. Johnsy lay with her face toward the window. Sue stopped whistling, thinking she was asleep. She began making a pen and ink drawing for a story in a magazine. Young artists must work their way to "Art" by making pictures for magazine stories. Sue heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside. Johnsy's eyes were open wide.
 
 She was looking out the window and counting - counting backward. Sue looked out the window. What was there to count? There was only an empty yard and the blank side of the house seven meters away. An old ivy vine, going bad at the roots, climbed half way up the wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken leaves from the plant until its branches, almost bare, hung on the bricks. "What is it, dear?" asked Sue.  "Six," said Johnsy, qui-etly. "They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head hurt to count them. But now it's easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now."  
 
 "Five what, dear?" asked Sue.
 
 "Leaves on the plant. When the last one falls I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?"
 
 "Oh, I never heard of such a thing," said Sue. "What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? And you used to love that vine. Don't be silly. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were - let's see exactly what he said - he said the chances were ten to one! Try to eat some soup now. And, let me go back to my drawing, so I can sell it to the magazine and buy food and wine for us."
 
 6.    The unseen stranger referred in the passage is ___
     1) Sue    2) Joanna    3) Johnsy
     4) Doctor    5) Disease
 
 7.    What was doctor's prediction?
     1) Sue will survive
     2) Johnsy will survive
     3) The chances of recovery are high
     4) The chances of Joanna's getting well are less
     5) That she is having a boy friend
 
 8.    What bothered Johnsy?
     1) The ivy leaves
     2) Sue's friendship
     3) The doctor's treatment
     4) The food
     5) Her desire to paint
 
 9.    Joanna was ____
     1) optimistic    2) pessimistic
     3) opportunist    4) weird
     5) wild
 
 Directions (Q.10-12): Each of the following questions contains a main word in capital letters followed by five words. Select the word that is most similar in meaning to the main word in capital letters.
 10.    STRANGER
 
     1) Alien    2) Friend
     3) Acquaintance    4) Neighbor
     5) Well known
 
 11.    EXAMINE
     1) Refuse    2) Reject
     3) Fool proof    4) Scrutinize
     5) Consider
 
 12.    SOUND
     1) Volume    2) Resonance
     3) Guide    4) Dimension
     5) Channel
 
 Directions (Q.13-15): Each of the following questions contains a main word in capital letters followed by five words. Select the word that is most opposite in meaning to the main word in capital letters.
 13.    QUICKLY
     1) Fast    2) Rapid    
     3) Swift    4) Slowly    5) Jiffy
 
 14.    BARE
     1) Naked    2) Exposed
     3) Covered    4) Stripped
     5) Enclosed
 
 15.    REPEATED
     1) Rare    2) Frequent
     3) Continuous    4) Regular
     5) Numerous
 
 Directions (Q.16-26): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (5). (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.)
 
 16.    Circumstances were so pathetic (1)/ that they will not be (2)/ able to meet (3)/ the assign target. (4)/ No error (5)   
 
 17.    Farmers must be ensured (1)/ that loans are given (2)/ by the banks (3)/ to the agricultural sector. (4)/ No error (5)  
 
 18.    The government (1)/ will anno-unced (2)/ several initiatives (3)/ beneficial to factory workers. (4)/ No error (5)  
 
 19.    The committee meeting (1)/ to discuss the details (2)/ of the proposal (3)/ will yet been decided. (4)/ No error (5)  
 
 20.    Owing to the heavy rains (1)/ the multi-storey office building (2)/ were badly damaged (3)/ and collapsed. (4)/ No error (5)  
 
 21.    Many customers (1)/ prefer a bank (2)/ which are located (3)/ near their homes. (4)/ No error (5)
 22.    The metro rail authorities (1)/ have decided to call a meeting (2)/ next week to assess the causes of (3)/ frequently delays in its project. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 23.    After graduating (1)/ from college (2)/ he received a job offer (3)/ from a reputation company. (4)/ No error (5)
 
 24.    One of the important lessons he taught me (1)/ is to save (2)/ at least twenty five per cent (3)/ of my gross income. (4)/ No error (5)
 25. Due to financial crisis (1)/ the prices of essential commodities (2)/ has rising sharply (3)/ over the past few months. (4)/ No error (5)  
 
 26. We have received many (1)/ of the letters from farmers (2)/ asking us to extend (3)/ the deadline to repay their loans. (4)/ No error (5)


 Directions (Q. 1-15): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in BOLD to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
 
 What needs to be set right is our approach to work? It is a common sight in our country of employees reporting for duty on time and at the same time doing little work. Fortunate are those employers wherein employees at least come on time in many cases it is reported that they often come according to their convenience as they believe in the saying 'Indian standard time'. It is a known fact that not every minute they spend in the office is spent valuably. If an assessment is made of time they spent in gossiping, drinking tea, eating "pan" and smoking cigarettes, it will be shocking to know that the time devoted to actual work is negligible.
 
 The problem is the standard which the leadership in administration sets for the staff. Forget the ministers because they mix politics and administration. What do top bureaucrats do? What do the below down officials do? Who are setting the paradigm? The administration set up remains week mainly because the employees do not have the right example to follow and they are more concerned about being in the good books of the bosses than doing work. They simply adapt the rule that boss is always right. Those of few who do not follow this face the wrath of the officials. This has left the few who are workaholics to be lackadaisical towards their work.
 
  1.    According to the writer, the administration in India
      1) is by and large effective
      2) is very strict and firm
      3) is affected by red tape
      4) is more or less ineffective
      5) is effective only sometimes
  2.    The leadership in administration:
      1)    Sets a fine example to the employees
      2)    Is of a reasonably high standard
      3)    Is composed of idealists
      4)    Is of a very poor standard
      5)    Sets deadlines for the employees
  3.    The central idea of passage could be best expressed by the following:
      1)    The employee outlook towards work is justified
      2)    The employee must change their outlook towards work
      3)    The employees would never change their work culture
      4)    The employer must change
      5)    The employer-employee relationship is far from healthy
  4.    The employees in our country
      1)    are quite punctual but not duty conscious
      2)    are not punctual, but somehow manage to complete their work
      3)    are somewhat lazy but good natured
      4)    are not very highly qualified
      5)    are duty bound
  5.    Administration will have an impact of politics because of whom?
      1) Employee    2) Employer
      3) Staff    4) Politicians
      5) Management
  6.    Who are setting the paradigm?
      1)    Employee & Employer
      2)    Employer & Bureaucrats
      3)    Bureaucrats, Officials & Politicians
      4)    Politicians & Employer
      5)    Officials & Bureaucrats
  7.    'To be in the good books' means
      1)    They are pleased with you
      2)    You are pleased with
      3)    You are pleasing
      4)    You are pleased with your boss
      5)    Officials are pleasing
  8.    What is the simple rule followed by many?
      1) Do your work
      2) Always come late
      3) Boss is always right
      4) Officials are examples
      5) Never be late
  9.    Which time is mentioned in the passage?
      1) GMT    2) IST
      3) PM    4) AM    5) FN
  10.    The few who are sincere will also develop an attitude of:
      1)    Taking the things seriously
      2)    Too much worried about the work
      3)    Not bothered about what they are doing
      4)    Not worried at all
      5)    Develop an easy going way
  
  Directions (Q. 11-13): Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
  11.    Assessment
      1) Enquiry     2) Report
      3) Evaluation     4) Summary
      5) Thesis
  12.    Devoted
      1) Uncommitted
      2) Disloyal    3) Disinterested
      4) Dedicated    5) Fickle
  13.    Paradigm
      1) Archetype    2) Set
      3) Deposit    4) Lever
      5) Prize
  
  Directions (Q. 14-15): Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
  14.    Wrath
      1) Affectionate    2) Passion
      3) Rage    4) Zeal
      5) Vicious
  
  15.    Lackadaisical
      1) Active    2) Timid
      3) Lazy    4) Fury
      5) Vary
  
  Directions (Q. 16-20): Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words from the five options for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
  16.    We are___ to have him____ here to make this function a great success.
      1) pleased, over
      2) sure, come
      3) wonderful, again
      4) happy, arrive
      5) elate, appear
  17.    The state Govt. staff ___ threatened to launch an indefinite strike from next month to ___ their demands.
      1) had, go    2) have, press
      3) were, meet    4) did, get
      5) have, press
  18.    The speech___with subtle thre-ats has resulted in ___ tension.
      1) replete, increased
      2) followed, continuous
      3) load, grow
      4) started, reduced
      5) full, escalating
  19.    By long queues and bad weather the voters__ their way to the polling stations ___ a lot.
      1) going, dropped
      2) encouraged, prepared
      3) making, suffered
      4) could, vow
      5) undaunted, made
  20.    The counter Clerk was very busy and ____ not pay any ___ to the customer's request.
      1) can, help    2) has, aids
      3) could, respect
      4) had, cash    5) did, attention
  
  Directions (Q. 21-25): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is 'No error', mark (5) as your answer.
  21.    Jack ordered for (1)/ two plates (2)/ of chicken (3)/ and a glass of water (4)/ No error (5)
  22.    He drank once again (1)/ as he (2)/ was feeling (3)/ very thirsty. (4)/ No error (5)
  23.    Bacteria is probably (1)/ the most (2)/ common form (3)/ of life on earth. (4)/ No error (5)
  24.    While going (1)/ through the report (2)/ yesterday I find (3)/ several factual mistakes. (4)/ No error (5)
  25.    On reaching the railway station (1)/ he was disappointed (2)/ to learn (3)/ that the train left. (4)/ No error (5)
  
  KEY
  1) 4    2) 4    3) 2    4) 1    5) 4
  6) 3    7) 1    8) 3    9) 2    10) 5
  11) 3    12) 4    13) 1    14) 3    15) 3
  16) 1    17) 2    18) 5    19) 3    20) 5
  21) 1    22) 5    23) 1    24) 3    25) 4
  


 General English Model Questions
 
 Directions (Q.1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
  
  The crouching position which the restricted space of his hiding had forced him to assume and the pain he still felt in the ankle made it seem like hours that his pursuers searched in area where he lay concealed, although it was probably not more than a matter of minutes. He dared not move; nor dared he give way to his overwhelming desire to sneeze for fear or revealing his presence. When eventually the voices became fainter in the distance, he allowed himself to shift his position and finally, when he could hear no more, to crawl, half-paralyzed, from between the two rocks in whose shelter he had managed to escape capture.
  
  Cautiously he peeped out to see if it was safe for him to continue his escape, and discovering no sign of life about him, started to creep painfully in the direction he had come, hoping in this way to deceive his pursuers. He had not gone above a hundred yards when a movement in the undergrowth nearby made him stand stock still. Could it be that after all some of his enemies were still searching the neighborhood? A few seconds passed and then, from behind a stump of a tree, there app-eared a small black and white dog. Man and dog eyed each other suspiciously for a moment, until, to the man's immense relief, it rushed up to him wagging its tail.
  
  1.    The writer crouched as
      1) he did not want to take
   any risk of being caught
      2) he had pain in his ankle
      3) he was mortally scared
      4) there was not much space
      5) he had seen a dog
  
  2.    'When eventually the voices became fainter in the distance' means
      1)    it was relatively quiet now
      2)    lot of people walked
      3)    people talking in the distance fainted
      4)    there was no sign of any activity nearby
      5)    though there was some noise nearby, things were quiet in the distance
  
  3.    The writer decided to come out of his hiding place when
      1) he was completely paralyzed
      2) he could hear no more the vo-ices of his pursuers
      3)    he was no longer able to con-trol himself
      4) he found a dog nearby
      5) he was not able to see the pursuers
  
  4.    When the writer moved some distance the doubt that he got is    1) he was caught
      2) no one is there 3) he was safe  
      4) there were many voices
      5) some enemies were still sea-rching for him
  
  5.    When did the writer try to move?
      1)    When there was no space
      2)    When he was almost para-lyzed
      3)    When he felt that all the followers have left    
      4) When there was a lot of noise
      5) When nobody saw him
  
  6.    It came as a solace to the writer when
      1) he was panicked 2) he moved
      3) he heard some noise
      4) he could see a dog
      5) he could see the pursuers
  
  Directions (Q.7 - 8): Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
  
  7. Restrict
      1) Move   2) Front   3) Confine    4) Register 5) Rescue
  8. Immense
      1) Scarce     2) Vast  3) Scanty    4) Spurious  5) Specious
  
  Directions (Q.09-10): Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
  
  9. Cautiously
      1) Carelessly
      2) Insignificantly
      3) Vigilantly
      4) Warily      
      5) Guardedly
  
  10.    Revealing
      1) Enlightening    2) Informative
      3) Confusing    4) Illuminating
      5) Enticing
  
  Directions (Q.11-15): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is 'No error', mark (e) as your answer.
  
  11. Everyone visiting the house (1)/ asked the young girl (2)/ how could she kill the wolf (3)/ single handed and without a weapon. (4)/ No error (5)
  
  12. Since the attachment of (1)/ air-conditioned sleeping cars to all important trains (2)/ travelling became very pleasant (3)/ es-pecially during the summer season. (4) /No error (5)                 
                      
  13. A leading textile manufactured, (1) / one of the fastest growing in the industry (2)/ is looking for marketing manager (3)/ to look up the marketing network of the company. (4)/ No error (5)
  
  14. There was very heavy rain last night (1)/ and the rivers have over flown (2)/ their banks causing severe hardship (3)/ to the people living by them.(4)/ No error (5)
  15. Locke's treatises on government, (1)/ toleration and education (2)/ show a mind fully awake in (3)/ the possibilities of social reconstruction. (4)/ No error (5)
  
  Directions (Q.16-20): Each ques-tion below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set of words from the five options for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
  
  16. The _____ of the disturbance was _____ the same evening.
      1) news, broadcasted
      2) news, broadcasting
      3) new's, broadcast
      4) news, broadcast
      5) news', broadcasted
  
  17. The young child _____ a very _____ song.
      1) singed, cute  2) singing, sweet
      3) signing, beautiful
      4) singed, sweet
      5) sang, sweet
  
  18. His reading habit _____ that he is a _____.
      1) show, researcher
      2) showing, talent
      3) showed, scholar
      4) shows, scholar
      5) show, talent
  
  19. The leader's ____ attracted many _____.
      1) charisma, followers
      2) beauty, spectators
      3) visiting, visitors
      4) beauty, audience
      5) interview, meeting
  
  20. _____ 25 students were washed _____  in the floods.
      1) Most, with    2) Mostly, above
      3) Almost, away 4) Among, away
      5) More, along
  
  Directions (Q.21-25): Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in a proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.
      A.    And what is intolerable is their utter disregard for the periodicity of the journal's publication.
      B.    People in the printing esta-blishment are capable of sending the editor mad in a hundred ways.
      C.    There is nothing that the editor can do if the January issue handed over to him even in March or April.
      D.    Anyway their consistency on one point is admirable; they make the editor pay up the full bill despite all these lapses.
      E.    Their binding work may be slipshod.
      F.    They may be utterly non-chalant in handling proofs.
  
  21.    The FIRST sentence should be
      1) A   2) B   3) C   4) D     5) F
  
  22. The FOURTH sentence should be
      1) D  2) A   3) C   4) B      5) E
  
  23. The LAST sentence should be
      1) C  2) B    3) A   4) E       5) D
  
  24. The SECOND sentence should be
      1) B  2) C    3) D  4) F      5) A
  
  25. The THIRD sentence should be
      1) F  2) D    3) E    4) A  5) B
  
  Directions (Q. 26-35): In the follo-wing passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words/ phrases are suggested, one of which fits the blank appro-priately. Find out the appropriate word/ phrase in each case and mark your answer.
  The Narmada Control Authority has given a nod for_____ (26) of gates at the Sardar Sarovar dam in Gujarat. The decision, touted to come as a boon to Gujarat, which regularly _____ (27)  water crisis because of deficient or _____(28) rainfall, was _____(29)  criticized by Narmada Bachao Andolan, _____ (30) by social activist Medha Patkar. According to Narmada Bachao Andolan activists this will _____(31) 193 villages in Madhya Pradesh and 19 in Gujarat. The Narmada Bachao Andolan activists who have been vocally _____ (32) the increase of water level _____(33) Narmada are crying foul and strategizing their next move. Greenpeace India _____ (34) slammed the announcement, saying it disregards the issues that peoples' movements like the Narmada Bachao Andolan have been _____ (35) for.
  26.    1)  installation    2) instill
      3) instant    4) interest
      5) information
  
  27.    1)  faced   2) faces 3) face    4) facing   5) farce
  
  28.     1) more   2) plenty   3) sparse    4) heavy  5)
  mighty
  
  29.     1) against    2) bitterly     3) refused     4) registered 5) sweetly
  
  30.    1) lead      2) leads    3) led    
      4) leading  5) lied
  
  31.     1) water      2) help
      3) important    4) submerge
      5) worse
  
  32.     1) prosper     2) proceed
      3) propagate    4) promote
      5) protesting
  
  33.    1) in         2) of     3) by     4) with  5) for
  
  34.    1) to     2) two     3) tow       4) too            
      5) for
  
  35. 1) fighting     2) fight
      3) fighter    4)  fights
      5) fitting
  
  Directions (Q.36-37): In this section each item consists of a word or a phrase which is highlighted in the sentence given. It is followed by five words or phrases. Select the word or phrase which is closest to the opposite in meaning of the highlighted word or phrase.
  36.    I was upset by his hostile att-itude.
      1) Friendly      2) Positive
      3) Negative     4) Inimical
      5) Vibrant
  37. I found his view repugnant.    1) Amiable    2) Repulsive    3) Amoral    4) Apolitical
      5) Foul
  Directions (Q.38-40): In this se-ction each item consists of a word or a phrase which is highlighted in the sentence given. It is followed by five words or phrases. Select the word or phrase which is closest to the meaning of the highlighted word or phrase.
  38.    Ashoka was a magnanimous king.    
      1) Worthy   2) Petty   3) Kind    4) Majestic 5) Mean
  39. Mala is defiant in her behavior.    1) Disobedient    2) Faithful    3) Friendly     4) Majestic    5) Meek
  40. People who are actually running the system often take myopic view of the situation.
      1) Far sighted     2) Visionary    3) Prejudiced    4) Glassy    
      5) Tolerant
  Directions:  (Q.41 to 42): In each question below, five words printed in bold are given. These are numbered (1), (2), (3) and (4). One of these words printed in bold may either be wrongly spelt or inappr-opriate in the context of the sen-tence. Find out the word that is in-appropriate or wrongly spelt if any. The number of that word is your answer. If all the words printed in bold are correctly spelt and appro-priate in the context of the sentence then mark (5) i.e. 'All Correct as your answer.'
  41. Much (1) people suffer (2) set-backs in their career because (3) of their inherent levity. (4) All Correct (5)
  42. There were(1) something strange and (2) morbid about (3) the whole (4) house. All Correct (5)
  
  KEY
  
    1) 4      2) 4    3) 2      4) 5
  5) 3    6) 4    7) 3    8) 2
  9) 1    10) 3    11) 3    12) 1
  13) 1    14) 2    15) 3    16) 4
  17) 5    18) 4    19) 1    20) 3
  21) 2    22) 3    23) 5    24) 4
  25) 3    26) 1    27) 2    28) 3
  29) 2    30) 3    31) 4    32) 5
  33) 2     34) 4    35) 1    36) 1
  37) 1    38) 1    39) 1    40) 3
  41) 1    42) 1


 K. LALITHA BAI
  Associate Professor in English, Hyderabad.
  
  1.    The compound sentence of the simple sentence, Being lazy, he failed.
      A) He was lazy and failed.
      B) On being failed and lazy.
      C) Upon failing he was lazy.
      D) He was lazy as well as failed.
  2.    Choose the appropriate option to fill in the blank.
      The streets were thronged with ____.
      A) Peoples    B) Spectators
      C) Interview    D) Conference
  3.    Choose the appropriate option to fill in the blank.
      The town was ____ by an earthquake.
      A) Devastated    B) Overwhelm
      C) Capitulate    D) Submitted
  4.    Choose the appropriate phrase to complete the sentence meaningfully.
      I am going to the conference by____.
      A) Me        B) No one
      C) Myself        D) alone
  5.    Choose the word that comes before 'rejuvenate' in a dictionary.
      A) Rejoice    B) Rekindle
      C) Remainder    D) Relocate
  6.    The manager gave them a discount.
      The passive form of the sentence is ____.
      A) Discount is given by the manager.
      B) Manager was given a discount.
      C) A discount was given by the manager.
      D) They were given a discount by the manager.
  7.    The mayor ____ new flats to people.
      A) Promised    B) Administer
      C) Control    D) Direct
  8.    Choose the word with the incorrect spelling.
      A) Pretty        B) Party
      C) Parity        D) Pausity
  9.    Choose the correct sentence.
      A)    I will go to the party with you whether I can finish my homework.
      B)    I will only go to the party with you if I can finish my homework.
      C)    If I go to the party depends on if I finish my homework.
      D)    I go to the party or I finish my homework.
  10.    Read the sentences (a) and (b) and choose the correct option about them.
      (a)    He must run fast to catch the train.
      (b)    He must run fast or he will not catch the train.
      A) Sentence (a) is correct.
      B) Sentence (b) is correct.
      C) Sentence (a) and (b) are correct.
      D) Sentence (a) and (b) are wrong.
  
  Directions- (Q. 11-12) In these questions, four alternatives are given for the idiom/phrase given in bold in the sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase and indicate the correct answer.
  
  11.    The new government should explore all avenues.
      A) Try out every possibility to get a result
      B) Explode the result
      C) See the avenues
      D) Foresee the result
  12.    The teacher asked the little boy if he had ants in his pants when he kept moving around in his seat.
      A) Serious     B) Nervous
      C) Joyous        D) Furious
  Directions-(Q.13-15) Four alternatives are given for each of the following find the best answer and indicate the correct answer.
  
  13.    Could you tell me the way to the railway station, please?
      A) Yes, I can    B) Yes, I could
      C) Yes        D) Yes, of course
  14.    May I open the window?
      A) I'd rather you didn't.
      B) Not at all
      C) No.        D. Not always
  15.    I think you've taken my bag by mistake.
      A) What a shame    B) Pardon
      C) I'm so sorry.    D) It's alright.
  
  Directions-(Q. 16-20) In these questions, you have one brief passage with 5 questions following the passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer out of the four alternatives and indicate the correct answer.
  
  Small car means less power, means less fuel consumption, less fuel consumption means more saving of the fuel which could be used for some other purposes for public utilization. Thus, 'less for more' should be the criteria. The time has come to review our expenses. Car pooling is one innovative idea being adopted by the people in developed countries in order to preserve our green earth. India has to go a long way in this direction.
  
  16.    According to author 'less for more' means
      A)    Getting bigger profit for bigger investment
      B)    higher output for lesser input
      C)    achieving glories without effort
      D)    higher output for higher input
  17.    Our expenses need a review because
      A) Economy is the call of the day
      B) world war can erupt at any time
      C) we have to save for tomorrow
      D) none of the above
  18.    One way to reduce pollutants as mentioned in the passage is through ____.
      A) Car pooling    B) Bike racing
      C) Fuel consumption
      D) Cycling
  19.    The antonym of 'consumption' is
      A) Utilization        B) Spending
      C) Conservation    D) Expenditure
  20.    The synonym of 'review' is
      A) Evaluate         B) Erase
      C) Emulate        D) Exercise
  
  Directions: Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (4) as your answer. (Ignore punctuation errors if any.)
  
      You are not required to correct the error. You are required only to indicate your response on the answer sheet.
  
  21.    The students who was involved in communal disturbances (A)/ were asked to leave the hostel (B)/ with bag and baggage. (C)/ No error. (D)
  22.    Before men came there were only animals; (A)/ and before the animals, there was a time when (B)/ no kind of life existed on the earth.(C)/ No error (D)
  23.    I am one of those (A)/ that cannot describe (B)/ what I have not seen. (C)/ No error. (D)
  24.    It never occurs to me (A)/ that I should have sent my application (B)/ through the proper channel. (C)/ No error (D)
  25.    The teacher asked him write the answer (A)/ ten times as he has again (B)/ committed mistakes in answering it in spite of repeated corrections. (C)/ No error (D)
  26.    The minister was pleased (A)/ being invited to inaugurate (B)/ the world conference of religious leaders. (C)/ No error (D)
  27.    His circumstance (A)/ did not allow him to continue (B)/ his studies when he was young. (C)/ No error.(D)
  28.    No sooner did the thief see the policeman (A)/ that he jumped over the wall (B)/ and ran away as fast as his legs could carry him. (C)/ No error. (D)
  29.    His radical proposals for reform faced a lot of opposition (A)/ and his harm handed dealings produced so much hostility (B)/ that the whole project was killed in the bud. (C)/ No error (D)
  30.    In no case we can measure (A)/ the learner's achievement by a single test (B)/ however skillfully designed. (C)/ No error (D)
  31.    It is a common belief (A)/ that familiarity dispenses with (B)/ the necessity of politeness. (C)/ No error (D)
  32.    Let's buy a new sari (A)/ with the annual bonus, (B)/ can we? (C)/ No error (D)
  33.    None of the guests (A)/ were introduced (B)/ to the bride. (C)/ No error (D)
  34.    The participants are waiting (A)/ for the arrival of the speaker (B)/ for the last two hours. (C)/ No error (D)
  35.    Even more than my father (A)/ was she intolerant of demonstrativeness (B)/ and the wearing of one's heart on his sleeve. (C)/ No error (D)
  36.    None of the students (A)/ attending your class (B)/ answered your questions did they? (C)/ No error (D)
  37.    They left their (A)/ luggage's at (B)/ the railway station. (C)/ No error (D)
  38.    You will get (A)/ all the information's (B)/ if you read this book carefully. (C)/ No error (D)
  39.    She sang (A)/ very well (B)/ isn't it? (C)/ No error (D)
  40.    He is working (A)/ in a bank in New Delhi (B)/ for the past several months.(C)/ No error (D)
  41.    There is no question (A)/ of my failing (B)/ in the examination. (C)/ No error (D)
  42.    He fell from a running train (A)/ and would have died if the villagers (B)/ did not get him admitted in the nearby hospital immediately. (C)/ No error. (D)
  43.    He is going everyday (A)/ for a morning walk (B)/ with his friends and neighbors. (C)/ No error. (D)
  44.    The man told her (A)/ that he had brought his dog (B)/ out for a walk as he was afraid and that it would rain.(C)/ No error (D)
  45.    Even though the shirt is rather expensive (A)/ but I wish to purchase (B)/ it with my own money. (C)/ No error (D)
  
  
  Answers:
  1) A    2) B    3) A    4) C    5) A
  6) D    7) A     8) D     9) B     10) C
  11) A    12) B    13) D    14) A    15) C
  16) B    17) A    18) A    19) C    20) A
  21) A    22) A    23) B    24) A    25) A
  26) B    27) A    28) B    29) C    30) B
  31) D    32) A    33) B    34) A    35) C
  36) C    37) B    38) B    39) C    40) A
  41) B    42) C    43) A    44) C    45) B
  


 VOCABULARY
 
  A speech or a written passage, however short or large, is essentially a group of sentences and a sentence, in its turn, is a group of words. A rich stock of words thus becomes quite logically an essential prerequisite of language ability development. General reading like newspapers and magazines is always advisable as through sentences one can have an idea of their use and variations rather than simple denotations.
  One of the mistakes many of us make is to use a word that is similar to another word but means completely different. Words that confuse us have similar spellings or pronunciations. Pay attention to the sample list given below:
  l    Adverse: Not good
      Averse:  Not to be inclined to do something
  l    Appraise: To assess the value of something
      Apprise: To inform someone about something
  l    Beside: By the side of
      Besides: In addition to
  l    Collaborate: To work with someone to achieve something
      Corroborate: To establish the         truth of something
  l    Credible: Believable
      Creditable: Deserving praise
  l    Eminent: Famous
      Imminent: Something that will         happen very soon
  l    Fair: Just; average; light-skinned
      Fare: The amount of money that         you pay to travel by train, bus etc.
  l    Forbear: Refrain from
      Forebear: Ancestor
  l    Immemorial: Existing longer ago than anyone can remember
      Memorable: Worth remembering
  l    Alternate: Every other
      Alternative: One of two or more     options
  
  Practice Questions
  Directions (1-20):Complete the sentences given below with an appropriate word from the two words in brackets.
  1.    This is a ------ point, so we have to discuss it. (moot, mute)
  2.    Ramu was given a fee ------. (waver, waiver)
  3.    We were taken round the company's -------. (premises, premise)
  4.    Have you seen the old ------ shop? (stationary, stationery)
  5.    Sita is very -------. (photograph, photogenic)
  6.    Let us -------- to the auditorium. (proceed, precede)
  7.    We are not ------- to the idea of moving to Bangalore. ( adverse, averse)
  8.    Nothing can -------- the fact that she is married. (altar, alter)
  9.    Children are frightened of thunder and -------. (lightning, lightening)
  10.    The Mississippi is the ------- river of the United States. (principal, principle)
  11.    What shall I do if someone speaks to me -------? (there, their)
  12.    The curator feeds the lions ------ once a day. (meet, meat)
  13.    As examinations are fast approaching we should not ------ our time. (waste, waist)
  14.    Her performance in the finals is just ------. (fair, fare)
  15.    He walked across the dry ------. (plane, plain)
  16.    Your answer to the problem is ------. (write, right)
  17.    It is rude to ------ at people. (stair, stare)
  18.    Please -------- for your turn. (weight, wait)
  19.    Sheela's mother ------ sweets for the party. (made, maid)
  20.    In Hindu marriage each ------- has a meaning. (rite, right)
  
  Directions (21-30): In each group one word is wrongly spelt. Find the wrongly spelt word.
  21.    A) Submitted    B) Admitted
      C) Comitted    D) Omitted
  22.    A) Brillient    B) Valiant
      C) Salient    D) Radiant
  23.    A) Recuperate    B) Regulate
      C) Reinstate    D) Seperate
  24.    A) Cease    B) Seize
      C) Beseige    D) Beseech
  25.    A) Carrier    B) Carreer
      C) Courier    D) Barrier
  26.    A) Whether    B) Wheter
      C) Weather    D) Whither
  27.    A) Embarrassment
      B) Embarrass    
      C) Embrasment
      D) Embarrassed
  28.    A) Persistent    B) Presistent
      C) Pressed    D)Precision
  29.    A) Professional
      B) Proficient    C) Profusely
      D) Prosicute    
  30.    A) Eligeble    B) Legible
      C) Illiterate    D) Legitimate
  
  Directions (31-40): Out of the four alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the meaning of the given word and indicate the answer.
  31.    Censure
      A) Criticise    B) Appreciate
      C) Blame    D) Abuse
  32.    Diligent
      A) Industrious    B) Indifferent
      C) Intelligent    D) Energetic
  33.    Contemplation
      A) Consideration
      B) Meditation
      C) Deliberation
      D) Speculation
  34.    Adulation
      A) Duration    B) Argument
      C) Flattery    D) Institution
  35.    Quiver
      A) Quarrel    B) Quicken
      C) Waver    D) Tremble
  36.    August
      A) Common    B) Ridiculous
      C) Dignified    D) Petty
  37.    Embezzle
      A) Misappropriate
      B) Balance    C) Clear
      D) Remunerate
  38.    Corpulent
      A) Gaunt    B) Obese
      C) Lean    D) Emaciated
  39.    Wretched
      A) Poor    B) Insane
      C) Foolish    D) Strained
  40.    Precarious
      A) Cautious    B) Critical
      C) Perilous    D) Brittle
  
  Directions (41-50): Choose the word opposite in meaning to the given word and choose the correct alternative.
  41.    ANIMOSITY
      A) Love    B) Lust
      C) Luck    D) Loss
  42.    ALTERCATION
      A) Explanation    B) Challenge
      C) Compromise D) Opposition
  43.    COAX
      A) Dull    B) Dissuade
      C) Active    D) Speed
  44.    ERUDITE
      A) Educated    B) Unscholarly
      C) Scholarly    D) Possessive
  45.    AFFLUENT
      A) High    B) Poor
      C) Rare    D) Fluent
  46. TRANSITORINESS
      A) Evanescence
      B) Vacillation     
      C) Impertinence
      D) Longevity
  47.    OPAQUE
      A) Enigmatic     B) Translucent
      C) Scholarly     D) Capacious
  48.    OBLITERATE
      A) Exculpate    B) Lacerate
      C) Bemuse    D) Forge
  49.    CHEERFUL
      A) Exultant    B) Morbid
      C) Doctrinaire    D) Livid  
  50.    ACRID
      A) Saccharine     B) Astringent
      C) Emollient     D) Placid
  
  ANSWERS
  1)    Moot     2) Waiver
  3)    Premises    4) Stationery
  5)    Photogenic    6) Proceed
  7)    Averse    8) Alter
  9)    Lightning    10) Principal
  11)    There        12) Meat
  13)    Waste        14) Fair
  15)    Plain        16) Right
  17)    Stare        18) Wait
  19)    Made        20) Rite
  21) C    22) A    23) D    24) C
  25) B    26) B    27) C    28) B
  29) D    30) A    31) A    32) A
  33) B    34) C    35) D    36) C
  37) A    38) B    39) A    40) C
  41) A    42) C    43) B    44) B
  45) B    46) D    47) B    48) D
  49) D    50) A.


  ERRORS IN  PREPOSITIONS
 
  A preposition is a word which is used before a noun, a noun phrase or a pronoun, connecting it to another word. Even advanced learners of English find prepositions difficult, as a one to one translation is usually not possible. One preposition in your native language might have several translations depending on the situation. There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn prepositions is looking them up in a dictionary and enhancing reading habits. One important thing to note is that a preposition is followed by a "noun"; it is never followed by a verb.
  
  1.    Preposition is not used after certain verbs: order, describe, discu-ss, marry, meet, attend, tell, etc
      E.g. John married with Maggie in the church. (Incorrect)
      John married Maggie in the church. (Correct)
  
  2.    Preposition is not used after await.
      E.g. He is awaiting for you. (Incorrect)
      He is awaiting you. (Correct)
  
  3.    'Beside' means by the side of, 'besides' means in addition to.
      E.g. He sat besides me. (Incorrect)
      He sat beside me. (Correct)
  
  4.    Agree with a person, agree to a thing.
      E.g. They agree to him. (Incorrect)
      They agree with him. (Correct)
  
  5.    Angry with a person, angry at a thing.
      E.g. I am angry with his behaviour. (Incorrect)
      I am angry at his behaviour. (Correct)
  
  6.    Time expressions beginning with-this, that, next, last are used without a preposition.
      E.g. He will return in this month. (Incorrect)
      He will return this month. (Correct)
  
  7.    No preposition is used after yesterday, today and tomorrow.
      E.g. I will meet you on tomorrow. (Incorrect)
      I will meet you tomorrow. (Correct)
  
  8.    'On time' means at the time arranged, not before, not after. 'In time' is not late.
      E.g. The class started on time.
      The students should be in time for the class.
  
  9.    'At the beginning' is exactly at the beginning. 'In the beginning' means in the early stages.
      E.g. At the beginning of the book you find a table of contents.
      In the beginning our company had a small apartment. Later we had a big building.
  
  10.    'At the end' is exactly at the end. 'In the end' means after sometime.
      E.g. At the end of the book there is the index.
      At first he was very enthusiastic but in the end he changed his mind.
  
  11.    'Between' is used when we refer to two persons or things. 'Among' is used when we refer to more than two persons or things.
      E.g. I stood between Sita and Gita.
      The girls quarreled among themselves.
  
  12.    'For' is used for a period of time. 'Since' is used for a point in time.
      E.g. Ravi has been waiting for three hours.
      Ravi has been waiting since 6'O clock.
  
  13.    Do not use the Preposition 'to' after tell, show, or promise.
      E.g. Do not tell to anyone. (Incorrect)
      Do not tell anyone. (Correct)
  
  Practice test
  1.    You should be pleased ____ the results.
      a) With    b) for    c) over    d) at
  
  2.    The bus stops just ____ the traffic lights.
      a) down b) to    c) before d) of
  
  3.    I've spent two years ____ that company.
      a) to     b) for     c) at     d) off
  
  4.    The police chased___the thieves.
      a) behind     b) along
      c) after         d) of
  
  5.    From the apartment we could walk ____ to the sea.
      a) beyond     b) below
      c) down     d) into
  
  6.    We were delighted___her news.
      a) for     b) by     c) of    d) in
  
  7.    The proposal is ____ consideration at the moment.
      a) for     b) with     c) under     d) up
  
  8.    The shares have risen ____ six Euros each.
      a) up     b) at     c) to     d) in
  
  9.    It was sunny all ____ the summer months.
      a) through     b) between
      c) round     d) around
  
  10.    My brother's really ____ snowboarding - he goes every winter.
      a) for     b) over    c) into     d) at
  Answers:
  
      1) a; 2) c; 3) c; 4) c; 5) c;
      6) b; 7) c; 8) c; 9) a; 10) c.
  
  IDIOMS AND PHRASES
  Idioms and phrases are recognized through experience. Sometimes ordinary words fail to embody the experience or catch the spirit of the special situation. Phrases are rather interesting and they add flavour to our language. Idioms and phrases are meant to enrich a language. Thus, in order to have a native's command over English, it is necessary to understand idioms. An idiom is a phrase where the words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words.
  
  An idiom's figurative meaning is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made. Idioms are numerous and they occur frequently in all languages. They are often metaphorical and make the language more colourful. People use them to express something more vividly and often more briefly. They serve as an image or mental picture.
  E.g. Let the cat out of the bag: If you let the cat out of the bag, you reveal a secret.
  Cry over split milk: Worry over things that have already happened and that cannot be changed.
  
  Practice test
  In these questions, four alternatives are given for the idiom/ phrase given in bold in the sentence. Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the idiom/ phrase.
  
  1.    A few days before his death, he made a clean breast of everything.
      a) Confessed
      b) Took off his shirt
      c) Suffered    d) Spoke ill
  2.    I am done for.
      a) Ruined    b) Rewarded
      c) Answered    d) Questioned
  
  3.    For a healthy and lasting friendship one must be on the level.
      a) Equally rich
      b) Mentally compatible
      c) Honest and sincere
      d) Ready for sacrifices
  
  4.    The foolish young man soon made ducks and drakes of the vast property his father left him.
      a) Squandered    b) Distributed
      c) Spent    d) Gave in charity
  
  5.    All his ventures went to the winds.
      a) Dissipated    b) Spread all over
      c) Got speed of the winds
      d)    Became well-known
  
  6.    You have to raise your voice a little when talking to him. He's a little hard of hearing.
      a) Stubborn
      b)    Quiet when he speaks
      c) Deaf
      d) Distracted
  
  7.    I've been working hard for the last few months trying to make ends meet, but something I'm not even expecting always comes up and I have to pay for it.
      a)    make enough money to pay for expenses
      b)    survive
      c)    meet my family's needs
      d)    make good business
  
  8.    Everybody thought Julie and Robert were a happy couple, but it was all just make believe.
      a) modesty
      b) pretending
      c) reality  d) denial
  
  9.    She should give him a taste of his own medicine.
      a)    she got medicine for him
      b)    she should tell him not to take drugs
      c)    she should taste medicine before giving it to him
      d)    she should do to him what he did to her
  
  10.    It was raining cats and dogs when we got off the bus.
      a)    There were cats and dogs descending from the sky.
      b)    We were getting wet
      c)    It was raining on cats and dogs
      d)    It was raining heavily
  Answers:
      1) a; 2) a; 3) a; 4) a; 5) a;
      6) c; 7) a; 8) b; 9) d; 10) d.


 Many graduates today are choosing government jobs over the IT sector, as the IT industry is always gripped in the fear of recession. The youth are looking forward to a job in banking sector as it offers job security. The primary thing which is very important is that the candidates who want to take the exam should get familiarized with the syllabus and the pattern of the exam. There is every possibility that the syllabus may change periodically. Staying focused in their preparation is the key to success. In this modern age sources of information pertaining to any competitive exam are aplenty, but the candidates should have a clear understanding in discriminating and segregating the large chunks of data that is available, in order to reach their goal. Appropriate kind of data will guide them in a proper way to turn their dreams into reality. Try to bear in mind the three P's that can be put to use by the aspirants. They are:
 1. Planning 2. Preparing & 3. Practicing.
 
 Planning essentially:
 Planning essentially involves knowing the pattern of syllabus and time management. Preparation depends on considering the weightage of each section and concentrating on the topics under each category. "Practice makes a man perfect". Once you are familiarized with the syllabus and pattern of examination chalk out a plan of action. Regular practice will boost the confidence levels and makes you to perform well in the exam.
 
 Fluent in English:
 You need not be fluent in English to crack this competitive exam because spoken English is different from the English for competitive exams. Primary thing is to be familiarized with the basics in grammar and language. Make sure you have adequate knowledge of English and its usage, basically grammar, verbs, adverbs, noun, pronouns, etc in order to crack the exam. As the minimum qualification for taking this exam is graduation obviously all of you who are graduates are already having these basics. Only thing is you need to brush them up based on the topics prescribed for this examination. Always be positive and optimistic and start your preparation well in advance which helps you to crack the exam with better score.
 
 Grasp the subject:
 To answer the sections pertaining to cloze test, sentence completion and Para completion it is essential to read the sentence or passage which is given before choosing the correct answer from the given choices. Grasp the subject, tone, and scale and pay attention to the continuity of the idea in order to pick the correct answer choice. Use the elimination technique in order to eliminate the options and thus finalize the answer. In order to answer the questions based on vocabulary regular reading is essential. Try to practice by answering sample papers, model papers and previous years question papers. Let us take a sample paper as a practice session.
 
 Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
 The roots of the tree were rapidly losing their hold. The birds must have known that something was wrong, because they kept flying up and circling the tree, reluctant to settle in it and reluctant to fly away. As long as the nest was there, the birds would remain flapping about and cawing in alarm. Sarita's wet cotton dress clung to her thin body. The rain ran down from her long black hair. It poured from every leaf of the tree. The birds, too, were drenched and groggy.
 
 1.    When the roots of the tree were rapidly losing their hold the birds were
     a) Unwilling to fly away
     b) Unable to fly away
     c) Indifferent to fly away
     d) To groggy to fly away
 2.    The birds were reluctant to settle in the tree because
     a)    they had instinctive sense of the tree's impending fall
     b) their nest had been wiped out
     c) It was drenched and groggy
     d) It was pouring hard
 3.    Sarita couldn't move away because
     a) The tree was still standing
     b) There was no other shelter
     c) She felt friendship with the birds
     d) She was nervous
 4.    The birds were reluctant to fly away because
     a) their nest was in the tree
     b) they felt friendship with Sarita
     c) they felt loyal to Sarita
     d) they could not fly far away
 5.    The roots of the tree were rapidly losing their hold because
     a) there was heavy rainfall
     b) It was very old
     c) there was a fierce storm
     d) It was on the edge
 
 Directions: Each of the following questions contains a main word in capital letters followed by four words. Select the word that is most similar in meaning to the main word in capital letters.
 
 6.    MISOGYNISM
     a) hate for mankind
     b) hate for womankind
     c) love for the reasonable
     d) love for woman kind
 7.    OBSTREPEROUS
     a) sullen     b) unruly
     c) lazy    d) awkward
 8.    LUCRATIVE
     a) good     b) profitable
     c) excellent     d) significant
 9.    AMBIGUITY
     a) clarity     b) uncertainty
     c) rationality     d) perversity
 10.    ELUDED
     a) avoided    b) jumped
     c) crossed    d) jilted
 
 Directions: The following sentences consist of a word or a phrase which is written in italicized letters. Each of them is followed by four words or phrases. Select the word or the phrase which is closest to the opposite in meaning of the italicized word or phrase.
 11.    No one can admire a deceitful boy.
     a) dull     b) sincere
     c) mischievous     d) aggressive
 12.    He gave a shallow argument in defense of his case.
     a) unpretentious    b) learned
     c) complicated     d) considered
 13.    His health appeared to have further deteriorated because of his exasperating routine at college.
     a) augmented     b) thrived
     c) improved     d) enhanced
 14.    The remarks made by the advocate in the court were effectively concise.
     a) obscure     b) verbose
     c) perspicuous     d) piquant
 15.    We have carefully read your explanation and it sounds plausible.
     a) credible     b) reasonable
     c) desirable    d) improbable
 
 Directions: Re-arrange the following six sentences A, B, C, D, E and F in proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph than answer the questions given below them so as to produce the correct sequence.
     A.    The Indian elephant is usually smaller than African elephant.
     B.    The elephants in India prefer to live in places where there is plenty of forest.
     C.    At the beginning of the rains they come out into the open places to eat the green grass.
     D.    But during the rains they move about from forest to forest, always travelling in a single file.
     E.    It is usually about three meters in height and 3000 kg. in weight.
     F.    The African elephant on the other hand, is about 3 and half metres in height and 6000 kg. in weight.
 
 16.    The proper sequence should be
     a) ABCDEF    b) ACDBFE
     c) ADEFBC    d) AEFBCD
 17.    The fifth sentence should be
     a) B    b) C
     c) D     d) E
 18.    The second sentence in the sequence is
     a) E     b) C
     c) B     d) D
 19.    The fourth sentence in the sequence should be
     a) D     b) C
     c) B     d) A
 20.    The third sentence in the sequence should be
     a) A     b) D
     c) B     d) F
 
 Directions: Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (5) as your answer. (Ignore punctuation errors if any.)
 
 21.    The young (a) child (b) singed (c) a very sweet song. (d) No error (e)
 22.    We worked (a) very hard (b) through out (c) the season. (d) No error (e)
 23.    Neither of (a) these trees (b) have (c) green leaves. (d) No error (e)
 24.    Among the daughters (a) of Ram (b) Kamala is inferior than Sita (c) in intelligence. (d) No error (e)
 25.    I am sorry I wasn't at home when you come; (a) I had gone to congratulate (b) for his success in (c) the election. (d) No error (e)
 
 Directions: Four alternatives a, b, c and d are given under each sentence, you are required to select the most suitable alternative to fill in the blank/blanks in the sentence to make it meaningful.
 
 26.    There is no question of my ____ in examination.
     a) pass     b) failing
     c) taking     d) getting
 27.    We apologize to all our ____ for the changes in our T.V. programmes this evening.
     a) viewers     b) observers
     c) spectators     d) congregation
 28.    It was essential to ____ all the initial problems before any progress is made.
     a) overcome     b) overwhelm
     c) overtake     d) overlook
 29.    Credit card companies ____ hundreds of cards every year.
     a) take     b) give
     c) issue     d) order
 30.    We are ____ an advertisement to announce our new product.
     a) printing     b) publishing
     c) giving     d) making
 
 ANSWERS:
 1) A; 2) A; 3) B; 4) A; 5) A; 6) B; 7) B;
 8) B; 9) B; 10) A; 11) B; 12) D; 13) C;
 14) B; 15) D; 16) D; 17) B; 18) A; 19) C; 20) D; 21) C; 22) E; 23) C; 24) C; 25) A; 26) B; 27) A; 28) A; 29) C; 30) B


 Sequence of Sentences
 
 Directions: In the following items, some parts of the sentence have been jumbled up. You are required to re-arrange these parts which are labeled as A, B, C, D, E and F to produce the proper sequence.
 
 1.    A.    Science improves our living conditions but
     B.    There are sufficient reasons for doing so
     C.    Rejecting or accepting anything provided
     D.    And not be afraid of
     E.    Teach us to think straight
     F.    It should also
     a) ABCDEF    b) AFBDEC
     c) AFEDCB    d) BDFCAE
 2.    A.    The girl was holding into piece of wood, but the river was deep and it was carrying her away
     B.    At the same moment, a boy ran up to him and pointed towards the river
     C.    He took off his coat at once, jumped into the water and saved the girl's life.
     D.    It is clear that such a large scale operation
     E.    The young man heard a cry and tuned round but could not see any body
     F.    Are yet to be ascertained.
     a) ACBDEF    b) EDFBAC
     c) EFBADC    d) BDFCAE
 3.    A.    If you want to film a scene in slow motion you run the camera twice as fast as usual which sounds ridiculous but isn't.
     B.    On the screen everything appears at half the speed at which the camera recorded it.
     C.    If you are filming in slow motion, however, the camera runs at twice the normal speed yet, in spite of this, the projector which shows the film will be run at the normal speed and this means that the projector will show the film at half the speed at which it was photographed.
     D.    This is because the camera which took the pictures and the projector which shows them run at the same speed.
     E.    When a film camera is running at normal speed, it takes twenty-four pictures a second.
     F.    When the film is run through the film projector in the camera twenty-four pictures a second appear on the screen
     a) AEFDCB    b) AFBDEC
     c) FAEDCB    d) BDFCAE
 4.    A.    We are living in an age in which technology has suddenly annihilated distance.
     B.    Are we going to let this consciousness of our variety make us fear and hate each other
     C.    Physically we are now all neighbours, but psychologically we are still strangers to each other.
     D.    We have never been so conscious of our variety as we are now that we have come to such close quarters.
     E.    In that event, we should be dooming ourselves to wipe each other out.
     F.    How are we going to react?
     The proper sequence should be
     a) ACDFBE    b) AFBDEC
     c) AFEDCB    d) BDFCAE
 
 5.    A.    Widowhood in India used to be especially miserable.
     B.    There were widows even in ages ranging from five to ten.
     C.    A widow was a widow always.
     D.    She could not marry again however tender in age she might be.
     E.    Today nobody looks upon remarriage of widows with disgust or disapproval.
     F.    However, several communities began to rebel against the ill-treatment of widows
     The proper sequence should be
     a) ABCDEF    b) ACDBFE
     c) AFEDCB    d) BDFCAE
 
 6.    A.    A country's Freedom can be preserved only by her own strength and self-reliance.
     B.    We must learn to depend on ourselves and not look to others for help every time we are in trouble.
     C.    We should not forget that those who lean too much on others tend to become weak and helpless.
     D.    Certainly we want to make friends with the rest of the world.
     E.    We welcome help and co-operation from every quarter but we must depend primarily on our own re-sources.
     F.    We also seek the good-will and cooperation of all those who reside in this country whatever their race or nationality.
     The proper sequence should be :
     a) ABCDEF    b) BDFECA
     c) AFEDCB    d) BDFCAE
 
 7.    A.    Then a chance customer would come.
     B.    Young Lincoln's way of keeping shop was entirely unlike anyone else
     C.    Lincoln would jump up and attend to his needs and then revert to reading.
     D.    He used to lie full length on the counter of the shop eagerly reading a book.
     E.    For some time in his youth, Abraham Lincoln was manager of a shop.
     F.    Never before Lincoln had so much time for reading as he had then.
     The proper sequence should be:
     a) ABCDEF    b) AFBDEC
     c) EBDACF    d) BDFCAE
 
 8.    A.    In developing countries like India, where gold is used mainly for ornaments, a distance change in attitude is in the offing.
     B.    Slowly, the use of gold in the form of ornaments will be on the decline and even if gold prices shoot up, women folk would not like to sell off their ornaments.
     C.    The yellow metal will soon be treated as an investment instrument.
     D.    The maxim, "Large the gold reserves, Richer the country" will not hold good for a long time now.
     E.    Again, it would not be an economic proposition to buy and sell gold ornaments as an instrument of investment as buying would be costlier and selling will be at a discount.
     F.    The role of the precious yellow metal is undergoing a dramatic change.
     The proper sequence should be :
     a) ABCDEF    b) AFBDEC
     c) AFEDCB    d) FDABCE
 
 9.    A.    The low unit gas is a real temptation to any choosing between gas and electronic processes.
     B.    BY contrast, electricity harnesses a unique range of technologies unavailable with gas.
     C.    With benefits in terms of product quality and overall cleanliness, it can so often be the better and cheaper choice.
     D.    These drawbacks negate the savings many businesses believe they make.
     E.    But gas fired processes are often less efficient, require more floor space, take longer and produce more variable product quality.
     F.    And many electric processes are well over 90% efficient, so far less energy is wasted.
     a) ABCDEF    b) AFBDEC
     c) AEDBFC    d) BDFCAE
 
 10.    A.    In Haiti, when they make statues of Christ and Satan, they make Christ black and Satan white.
     B.    Aristotle and Plato considered Greeks so innately superior to barbarians that slavery was justified so long as the master was Greek and the slave barbarian.
     C.    Until very recently, it was universally believed that men are congenitally more intelligent than women.
     D.    Among white men, it is held that white men are by nature superior to men of other color, and especially to black men
     E.    Even so enlightened a man a Spinoza decided against votes for women on this ground.
     F.    In Japan, on the contrary, it is thought that yellow is the best color.
     a) ABCDEF    b) AFBDEC
     c) AEDBFC    d) CEDFAB
 
  ANSWERS:    1. c; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a; 5. b; 6. b;
 7. c; 8. d; 9. c; 10. d.
 Look at the underlined part of each sentence. Below each sentence are given three possible substitutions for the underlined part. If one of them (a), (b), or (c) is better than the underlined part, indicate your response on the Answer Sheet against the corresponding letter (a),(b),or (c), If none of the substitutions improves the sentence, indicate (d) as your response on the Answer Sheet. Thus a 'No improvement' response will be signified by the letter (d).
 1.    In the modern world it is difficult to live through one's ideals.
     a) to live up to     b) to live by
     c) to live for     d) No improvement
 2.    It took a mere five minutes for the world champion to dispose of his opponent.
     a) dispose to     b) disposed
     c) dispose by    d) No improvement
 3.    It is a common belief that familiarity dispenses with the necessity of politeness.
     a) dispenses up     b) dispenses from
     c) dispenses of     d) No improvement
 4.    Every human advance carries with it not only automatic benefits but also a new responsibility, and we must remain constantly aware for the dangers that lie in the possible misuse of our enormous skills.
     a) aware about     b) aware of
     c) aware to     d) No improvement
 5.    Let's buy a new sari with the annual bonus, can we?
     a) can't we    b) shall we
     c) don't we     d) No improvement
 6.    None of the guests were introduced to the bride.
     a) was introduced     b) introduced
     c) have been introduced
     d) No improvement
 7.    The patients are waiting for the arrival of the doctor for the last two hours.
     a) were waiting     b) have been waiting
     c) waiting     d) No improvement
 8.    Not only the fans but also the team's head coach were shocked to be in the championship game.
     a) was     b) had     c) had being
     d) No improvement
 9.    The rules of chess require that one made only one move at a time
     a) makes         b) make
     c) will make     d) No improvement
 10.    Neither the children in the class nor Tom seem to be upset about failing the lab exam.
     a) seemed     b) seems
     c) were seem     d) No improvement
 11.    Scarcely had the people retired then the earthquake shook the whole area.
     a) that         b) when
     c) while         d) No improvement
 12.    No sooner had we arrived at the station when the announcement started.
     a) than         b) then
     c) while        d) No improvement
 13.    Susheela availed herself of all the leave to her credit.
     a) availed of     b) availed
     c) availed for     d) No improvement
 14.    If I had won the lottery, I have bought a plane.
      a) would have    b) had
     c) could         d) No improvement
 15.    He asked me what I am doing
     a) that what I was doing
     b) what I was doing
     c) what was I doing    d) No improvement
 16.    We have read that book, haven't we?
     a) isn't it ?    b) didn't we?
     c) have we ?    d) No improvement
 
  ANSWERS:    1. a; 2. d; 3. d; 4. b; 5. b; 6. a; 7. b; 8. a; 9. a; 10. b; 11. b;
 12. a; 13. d; 14. a; 15. b; 16. d