వృక్ష శాస్త్రము

వృక్ష శాస్త్రము

 Morphology of Flowering plants    
 Only a single chapter is included in the Unit-II of First Year Intermediate. Morphology of the Flowering Plants is dealt here. The topic is an essential requirement for lower as well as higher levels of study of Botany. Morphology is basic requirement for branches like systematics, classification and taxonomy. Without taxonomy the study of botany cannot exist.
 In the Morphology of Flowering plants all parts of the plant viz root system, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed should be described in technical terms very elaborately. This will allow the taxonomist to classify the plant. The is a prerequirement for the preparation of next chapters. It is the most unfortunate thing to treat such an important chapter not only very briefly but also incompletely without any detail in our text book. This will be an extra burden for the student as he has to prepare and write both I.P.E and EAMCET exams and just not for gaining some knowledge. It will also not of much use for a student who wishes to study graduation course in life sciences where he has to study twenty six families.
 This description is not at all sufficient for the student and more over he will not be studying the morphology once again in future.
 
 Preparation Plan
 A student need to plan properly for better marks. First year Intermediate student, besides all this, should feel happy for he is not required to read and remember much for exams. With little efforts he can get good marks in IPE. As the guidelines for these exams are strictly adhere to the syllabus and text book. For EAMCET, glossary given at the end of each chapter has to be studied well. Definition of many words and much information is given in these glossaries.
 
 IPE Weightage
 For IPE examination this Unit carries 12 marks. But most important thing is one of the Long Answer Question will be given from this chapter. Happiest part for the student is only three Long Answer Questions are there from this chapter. The student should learn the proper representation of the answer for the questions. He should write the answers in a proper way with sub-headings.
 We have to use common sense to know that the same root is not modified for both food and respiration. Examples are given immediately for the storage roots but for respiration much later after mechanical roots. Answer for this and other questions must be written systematically. For example the answer for the root  modifications can be written like this. First write down the list of modifications and each must be explained briefly along with one example. (Definition; Storage roots; Respiratory roots; Velamin roots; Haustorial roots; Nodular roots; Photosynthetic roots and Mechanical roots).
 Diagrams must be bold, neat and labeled. Diagrams should be drawn in the beginning of the answer. Diagrams must be drawn with pencil and not with pen. Drawing small diagrams and at one corner must be avoided. From the same unit one SAQ or two VSAQs are possible. Same method must be followed for these questions also.
 
 Important Points and Guidelines for IPE
 Diagrams must be practiced for IPE exams. Caption for diagram is not labeling. Ink pens should not be used for diagrams.
 
 Root System:  
 l    Examples for different modification and diagrams.
 l    Answers in sequential order.
 The stem:
 l    Modifications of stems are
     1.        Underground stem modifications
     2. Aerial stem modifications  
     3. Sub-aerial stem modifications.
 l    Rhizomes Corms, Stem tubers and Bulbs are under ground.
 l    All underground stem modifications are xerophytic adoptions.
 l    All underground stem modifications help in vegetative propagation.
 l    Except bulbs all of them store food material
 l    Runners, Stolons, Suckers and Offsets are sub-aerial stem modifications.
 l    All sub-aerial stem modifications are useful for vegetative propagation.
 Leaf:
 l    Tendrillar modifications help in climbing.
 l    Spines help in protection and reduction in transpiration. This is a xerophytic adoption.
 l    Phyllodes are green persistent structures. These are also xerophytic adoption.
 l    Trap leaves are insectivorous and secretary.
 l    Reproductive leaves help in vegetative propagation.
 Inflorescence:
 l    Axis of racemose inflorescence grows indefinitely.
 l    Flowers arrange acropetally.
 l    Number of flowers are indefinite.
 l    Racemose inflorescences may show flowers with or without pedicils.
 l    Simple raceme, Compound raceme, Corymb, Umbel are racemes with pedicillate flowers.
 l    Spikes, Spadix and Head are inflorescences without pedillate flowers.
 l    Verticillaster, Cyathium and Hypanthodium are special type inflorescences.
 Flower:
 l    Petal and sepals together called perianth.
 l    Depending on the position of thalamus in relation to gynoecium flowers may be hypogynous, perigynous and epigynous.
 l    Placentation or arrangement of ovules on ovary wall may be Marginal, Axile, Parietal, Free central or Basal.
 Fruits:
 l    Fleshy fruits are Berry, Pepo, Pome, Hesperidium, Drupe.
 l    Dry fruits are dry dehiscent, dry indehiscent and schizocarpic.