రీజనింగ్ బ్యాంక్ పిఓఎస్ & క్లర్క్ పరీక్షలు స్పెషల్

రీజనింగ్ బ్యాంక్ పిఓఎస్ & క్లర్క్ పరీక్షలు స్పెషల్

 Reasoning based on logic contains of the following topics..
 
 Statements And Assumptions:
 Questions of this type are a regular feature of all the competitive examinations, these days. In these questions, a statement is followed by two or more assumptions. The candidate is required to assess the given statement and decide which of the given assumptions is implicit in the statement. To understand the pattern of these questions, it is very essential to know what the terms statement and assumption stand for. Whenever we communicate with others, we make several statements. Therefore, statement is a part of our speech or what we speak to others.
 
 In the process of communication, most of the ideas remain unuttered. As a result, these ideas may not find expression in the statement. However, this unuttered message is very much implied in a statement. Implied, an assumption is something that can be supposed or assumed on the basis of a given statement.
 
 Statements And Course Of Action:
 Course of action is a decision which a person makes invariably in his life following a problem. In these questions a problem is given in the form of a statement and is followed by two or more decisions in the form of course of action.
 
 For solving these questions, remember the following points:
 1.    Correct course of action should either lessen the problem or improve the situation created by the problem.
 
 2.    Simple problem must have simple course of action and not a complex one which may create more problems than to solve or reduce it.
 
 3.    Course of action should be feasible and should relate with the practical aspect of life
 
 Cause and Effect:
 Any occurrence of incident definitely has a cause behind it. The occurrence is called event and the reason behind this occurrence is its cause.
 l    Principal Cause: This is major condition that governs occurrence or non occurrence of an event. Though only its presence does not guarantee happening of that event (as event might need some more occurrences too) but its absence would definitely lead to non-occurrence of this event.  
 
 l    Immediate Cause: This is the condition that triggers the event, so is an important cause that has just happened before occurrence of an event, and caused the event to happen.
 
 l    Principal and Immediate cause: Generally, examinations have questions to find principal and immediate cause. These are causes that are most proximate in time and one of the most important reasons for the occurrence of this 'event'.
 
 Statements and Arguments:
 Question based on statement and arguments are the common features of all competitive examinations. In these questions a statement is followed by two arguments. Candidates are required to distinguish between the strong and weak arguments. Generally, both the arguments are contrary to each other and refer to the positive and negative results of the action as mentioned in the statement. A strong argument is that which touches the practical and real aspect of the situation as described in the statement. A weak argument is very simple, superfluous, ambiguous and long drawn one.
 
 Following points should be taken into consideration while choosing a strong argument.
 1.    A strong argument should give the realistic diagnosis while choosing a strong argument.
 
 2.    A strong argument should be the deep analysis of the topic dealt within the statement.
 
 3.    A strong argument should relate with the statement and be supported up by facts or established notations.
 
 4.    A strong argument should not be mere reiteration of the situation given in the statement.
 
 5.    Statements and Inferences: An inference is something which is not directly stated but can be inferred from the given facts.
 
 Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions:
 The convenience of online shopping is what I like best about it. Where else can you shop even at midnight wearing your night suit? You do not have to wait in a line or wait till the shop assistant is ready to help you with your purchases. It is a much better experience as compared to going to a retail store. - A
 consumer's view
 
 1.    Which of the following can be a strong argument in favour of retail store owners?
     1)    Online shopping portals offer a great deal of discounts which retail stores offer only  during the sale season.    
    
     2)    One can compare a variety of products online which cannot be done at retail stores.
 
     3)    Many online shopping portals offer the 'cash on delivery' feature which are sceptical about online payments.
 
     4)    Many consumers prefer shopping at retail stores which are nearer to their houses.
 
     5)    In online shopping the customer may be deceived as he cannot touch the product he is paying for.
 
 A:    5;  The argument in favour of the retail store owners should highlight short-comings or disadvantages of the online shopping and same is effectively done by the argument given in option (5).
 
 2.    Which of the following can be inferred from the given information? (An inference is something that is not directly stated but can be inferred from the given information)
 
     1)    One can shop online only at night.
 
     2)    Those who are not comfortable using computers can never enjoy the experience of online shopping.
 
     3)    All retail stores provide shopping assistants to each and every customer.
 
     4)    The consumer whose view is presented has shopped at retail stores as well as online.
 
     5)    The consumer view is presented does not have any retail stores in her vicinity.  
 
 A:    4;  The statement given by the consumer highlights the advantages of online shopping in comparison to shopping in a retail store. Therefore it can be inferred that the consumer has shopped at both retail stores and on online.
 
 Read the following information carefully and answer the given question:
 Many manufacturing companies are now shifting base to the rural areas of the country as there is a scarcity of space in urban areas. Analysts say that this shift will not have a huge impact on the prices of the products manufactured by these companies as only about 30% consumers live in urban areas.
 
 3.    Which of the following may be a consequence of the given information?
 
     1)    The prices of such products will decrease drastically in the urban areas.
 
     2)    People living in urban areas will not be allowed to work in such manufacturing companies.
 
     3)    These manufacturing companies had set-ups in the urban areas before shifting base.
 
     4)    Those who had already migrated to the urban areas will not shift back to rural areas.      
 
     5)    The number of people migrating from rural to urban areas in search of jobs may reduce .
 
 A:    5;  As the manufacturing companies are shifting their base to rural areas, the educated and eligible rural youth will get the jobs in rural areas thereby reducing the migration to urban areas.
     
 Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions:
 Despite repeated announcements that mobile phones were not allowed in the examination hall, three students were caught with their mobile phones.
 
 A)    Mobile phones nowadays have a lot of features and it is easy to cheat with their help.
 
 B)    The invigilator must immediately confiscate the mobile phones and ask the students to leave the exam hall immediately.
 
 C)    Mobile phones are very expensive and leaving them in bags outside the exam hall is not safe.
 
 D)    There have been incidents where students who left the exam hall early stole the mobile phones kept in the bags of the students who were writing the exam.
 
 E)    The school authorities must ask the students to leave their phones in the custody of the invigilator before the exam in order to avoid thefts of mobile phones.
 
 F)    None of the other students were carrying their phones in the exam hall.
 4.    Which of the following among A, B, E and F may be the reason behind the school making such announcements before the exam?
     1) Only B    2) Both B& E   
     3) Only F    4) Only A
     5) Both E &  F
 A:    4;  As the mobile phones have a lot of features, the students can cheat in the examination by
     getting the answers through the tools using internet and google search engines. This is the reason behind such announcement.
 
 5.    Which of the following among A, B, D and F can be an immediate course of action for the invigilator?
     1) Only B       2) Both A & D
     3) Only A      4) Both D & F   
     5) Only F
 A:    1;  As the most practical solution is asking the students to deposit the mobile phones with the invigilator or else confiscate the same whenever they enter.